Absorption heat pump

ABSTRACT

An absorption heat pump, including: an evaporator which takes in a first heat source and evaporates refrigerant liquid into refrigerant vapor; an absorber which has a heat receiving medium passage and which takes in heat receiving medium liquid through a heat receiving medium inlet of the heat receiving medium passage, heats the heat receiving medium liquid with the heat of absorption generated when the refrigerant vapor generated in the evaporator is absorbed into solution, and discharges the heat receiving medium in the form of vapor or mixture of vapor and liquid through a heat receiving medium outlet of the heat receiving medium passage; a generator which takes in a second heat source and evaporates the refrigerant from the solution having absorbed the refrigerant vapor; and a condenser which takes in a cooling source and the refrigerant vapor generated in the generator to condense the refrigerant vapor.

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/247,599, filed on Oct. 12, 2005, which claims the priority ofJapanese Application No. 2004-299168; 2004-299169; 2004-351751 and2004-352744 filed on Oct. 13, 2004; Oct. 13, 2004; Dec. 3, 2004 and Dec.6, 2004, respectively, all of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an absorption heat pump for convertingheat of a heat source such as waste hot water, exhaust gas or wastesteam (waste heat energy) into heat of a high-temperature medium (suchas high-temperature water or high-temperature steam). In particular, thepresent invention relates to an absorption heat pump for obtaining ahigh-temperature heat receiving medium vapor using a heating source asabove. The present invention also relates to an absorption heat pumpwith improved thermal efficiency, and, in particular, to a two-stageabsorption heat pump with improved start-up characteristics.

2. Related Art

There are the following types of absorption heat pumps which use wastehot water as a heat source to generate hot water with a temperaturehigher than that of the waste heat source. FIG. 31 is a viewillustrating an example of the constitution of a single-stage absorptionheat pump. As shown in the drawing, the single-stage absorption heatpump has an absorber A, an evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser Cand a solution heat exchanger X as primary components. A cooling waterpipe 101, a hot water pipe 102, a hot water pipe 103 and ahigh-temperature hot water pipe 104 are disposed in the condenser C, theevaporator E, the generator G and the absorber A, respectively.

Dilute solution (working medium dilute solution) is heated by heatsource hot water flowing through the hot water pipe 103 in the generatorG and concentrated into concentrated solution (working mediumconcentrated solution). The concentrated solution is delivered to thesolution heat exchanger X through a concentrated solution pipe 106 by asolution pump 105, heated therein, and fed to the absorber A. Vapor(working medium vapor) generated in the generator G is fed to thecondenser C through a vapor pipe 110, cooled by cooling water flowingthrough the cooling water pipe 101 and condensed into refrigerant liquid(working medium refrigerant liquid) in the condenser C. The refrigerantliquid is fed to the evaporator E through a refrigerant pipe 108 by arefrigerant pump 107. The refrigerant liquid is heated by heat sourcehot water flowing through the hot water pipe 102 and evaporated intorefrigerant vapor (working medium refrigerant vapor) in the evaporatorE. The refrigerant vapor is fed to the absorber A through a vapor pipe109 and absorbed into the concentrated solution supplied from thegenerator G in the absorber A.

In the absorber A, the concentrated solution is heated by the heat ofabsorption generated when the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into theconcentrated solution, rises in temperature to the degree correspondingto the boiling point elevation and heats the high-temperature hot waterpipe 104. Therefore, water flowing through the high-temperature hotwater pipe 104 is heated, and hot water with a temperature higher thanthat of the heat source hot water can be obtained. Dilute solution intowhich the concentrated solution turns upon the absorption of therefrigerant vapor in the absorber A is supplied to the solution heatexchanger X through a dilute solution pipe 112 to heat the concentratedsolution in the heating side of the solution heat exchanger X andreturns to the generator G through a pressure reducing valve 113. Therefrigerant vapor generated in the generator G is directed to thecondenser C, and cooled and condensed by cooling water flowing throughthe cooling water pipe 101 as described before. Then, the same cycle isrepeated.

FIG. 32 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump. As shown in FIG. 32, the two-stageabsorption heat pump has a high-temperature absorber A2, alow-temperature absorber A1, a high-temperature evaporator E2, alow-temperature evaporator E1, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2, and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components.

As equipment on the solution side, there are a solution pump 205 forfeeding the concentrated solution in the generator G to thehigh-temperature absorber A2, a concentrated solution pipe 206, a dilutesolution pipe 215, a medium-concentration dilute solution pipe 214, afirst pressure reducing valve 216, a second pressure reducing valve 226,a first hot water pipe 203 disposed in the generator G, a control valve228 disposed in the first hot water pipe 203 at a position near theinlet thereof, a second hot water pipe 204 disposed in thehigh-temperature absorber A2, a temperature sensor 229 disposed in thesecond hot water pipe 204 at a position near the outlet thereof fordetecting the outlet temperature of the second hot water pipe 204, aliquid level sensor 227 for detecting the liquid level in thelow-temperature absorber A1, a first spray 224 opening in thelow-temperature absorber A1, and a second spray 223 opening in thehigh-temperature absorber A2.

As equipment on the refrigerant side, there are a refrigerant pump 208for feeding a refrigerant from the condenser C to the low-temperatureevaporator E1 and the high-temperature evaporator E2, refrigerant pipes209, 210 and 211, a spray 218 opening in the low-temperature evaporatorE1, a spray 219 opening in the high-temperature evaporator E2, a liquidlevel sensor 220 for detecting the liquid level in the low-temperatureevaporator E1, a liquid level sensor 230 for detecting the liquid levelin the high-temperature evaporator E2, a control valve 221 forcontrolling the flow rate of the refrigerant to be supplied to the spray218, a control valve 222 for controlling the flow rate of therefrigerant to be supplied to the spray 219, a cooling water pipe 201disposed in the condenser C, a third hot water pipe 202 disposed in thelow-temperature evaporator E1, and a control valve 225 disposed at theinlet of the third hot water pipe 202.

As equipment for connecting the solution side and the refrigerant side,there are a vapor pipe 207 for directing refrigerant vapor generated inthe generator G to the condenser C, a vapor pipe 212 for directingrefrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature evaporator E1 to thelow-temperature absorber A1, a vapor pipe 213 for directing refrigerantvapor generated in the high-temperature evaporator E2 to thehigh-temperature absorber A2, and a heat transporting pipe 217connecting the low-temperature absorber A1 and the high-temperatureevaporator E2 and having a loop passage for supplying heat obtained inthe low-temperature absorber A1 to the high-temperature evaporator E2with water circulating in it. The control valves 228 and 225 arecontrolled based on a detection signal from the temperature sensor 229disposed in the second hot water pipe 204 at an outlet side positionthereof.

Hot water such as waste hot water is supplied as heat source hot waterto the first hot water pipe 203 and the third hot water pipe 202, andthe temperature of a heat transfer medium is increased in two stagesusing thermal energy derived from the difference in temperature betweenthe hot water and cooling water supplied to the cooling water pipe 201in the condenser C and utilizing heat of absorption and boiling pointelevation of solution to increase the temperature in thehigh-temperature absorber A2 to a considerably high level. Then, hotwater separately supplied to the second hot water pipe 204 is heated andhigh-temperature hot water with a great deal of potential, which cannotbe obtained in a conventional cycle, can be obtained.

In the generator G, the dilute solution (working medium dilute solution)is heated by the heat source hot water flowing through the first hotwater pipe 203 and concentrated into concentrated solution (workingmedium concentrated solution). The concentrated solution is delivered bythe solution pump 205 through the concentrate solution pipe 206, heatedin the heated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1 andthe heated side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 andfed to the high-temperature absorber A2. Refrigerant vapor (workingmedium vapor) generated in the generator G is fed to the condenser Cthrough a vapor pipe 207, cooled by cooling water flowing through thecooling water pipe 201 and condensed into refrigerant liquid (workingmedium cooling liquid) in the condenser C. The refrigerant liquid isdelivered to the low-temperature evaporator E1 and the high-temperatureevaporator E2 through the refrigerant pipes 209, 210 and 211 by therefrigerant pump 208. The refrigerant liquid in the low-temperatureevaporator E1 is heated by heat source hot water flowing through thethird hot water pipe 202 and evaporated into refrigerant vapor (workingmedium vapor). The refrigerant vapor is fed to the low-temperatureabsorber A1 through the vapor pipe 212. The refrigerant liquid in thehigh-temperature evaporator E2 is heated by the heat transported fromthe low-temperature absorber A1 through the heat transporting pipe 217and evaporated into refrigerant vapor (working medium vapor). Therefrigerant vapor is fed to the high-temperature absorber A2 through thevapor pipe 213.

In the high-temperature absorber A2, the refrigerant vapor from thehigh-temperature evaporator E2 is absorbed into the concentratedsolution from the generator G. The concentrated solution is heated bythe heat of absorption generated when the refrigerant vapor is absorbedinto the concentrated solution, rises in temperature to the degreecorresponding to the boiling point elevation and heats the second hotwater pipe 204. Therefore, water flowing through the second hot waterpipe 204 is heated, and hot water with a temperature higher than that ofthe heat source hot water can be obtained. Medium-concentration solutioninto which the concentrated solution turns upon the absorption of therefrigerant vapor in the high-temperature absorber A2 flows to thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 through amedium-concentration solution pipe 214 to heat the concentrated solutionfrom the generator G and is fed to the low-temperature absorber A1. Inthe low-temperature absorber A1, the medium-concentration solutionabsorbs the refrigerant vapor from the low-temperature evaporator E1 andturns into dilute solution. The dilute solution flows to thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger X1 through a dilute solutionpipe 215, heats the concentrated solution from the generator G in thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger X1, and returns to the generatorG through the first pressure reducing valve 216. The heat of absorptiongenerated in the low-temperature absorber A1 when themedium-concentration solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor istransported to the high-temperature evaporator E2 through the heattransporting pipe 217. The vapor generated in the generator G isdirected to the condenser C, and cooled and condensed by cooling waterflowing through the cooling water pipe 201 as described before. Then,the same cycle is repeated.

The graph of absorption cycle of the flow on the solution side (which ishereinafter referred to as “series flow”) in the two-stage absorptionheat pump constituted as described above is shown in FIG. 33. In theseries flow, when a pressure distribution as a heat pump is achieved inevery component after the start-up has been completed and normaloperation has begun, a normal solution circulation system isestablished. That is, the concentrated solution generated in thegenerator G is fed to the high-temperature absorber A2 with a highrefrigerant vapor pressure by the pump 205, the medium-concentratedsolution flows from the high-temperature absorber A2 to thelow-temperature absorber A1 by the difference in refrigerant vaporpressure between the high-temperature absorber A2 and thelow-temperature absorber A1, and the dilute solution generated in thelow-temperature absorber A1 flows from the low-temperature absorber A1to the generator G by the difference in refrigerant vapor pressurebetween the low-temperature absorber A1 and the generator G.

FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 show the graph of absorption cycle in the case of areverse flow pattern (which is hereinafter referred to as “reverseflow”) and the graph of absorption cycle in the case of a parallel flowpattern (which is hereinafter referred to as “parallel flow”). In thesecases, since solution is introduced into the low-temperature absorber A1at the start of operation, the refrigerant in the low-temperatureabsorber A1 becomes higher in temperature than the refrigerant in thelow-temperature evaporator E1 and circulation of the solution can beachieved.

However, since the absorption heat pumps obtain high-temperature heat inthe form of high-temperature water (sensible heat) as heat receivingfluid, high pump power is necessary to circulate the high-temperaturewater. Also, in the known absorption heat pumps, the heat receivingmedium liquid is heated, but they are not to produce vapor of thereceiving medium. Thus, preheating of the heat receiving medium is nottaken into account.

In addition, in the conventional single-stage absorption heat pumps andtwo-stage absorption heat pumps, preheating of the condensed medium(working medium condensed solution) to be fed from the condenser C tothe evaporators E, E1, and E2 is not taken into account. Thus, anabsorption heat pumps with high efficiency cannot be obtained.

Moreover, in the series flow, since no solution has been supplied to thelow-temperature absorber at start-up, the cooling medium in thelow-temperature absorber A1 is heated by the heat of condensation of therefrigerant vapor from the low-temperature evaporator E1. Thus, thetemperature of the cooling medium is lower than the evaporationtemperature in the low-temperature evaporator E1.

The cooling medium is used as a heat source to generate refrigerantvapor or the cooling medium itself turns into refrigerant vapor in thehigh-temperature evaporator E2, and the refrigerant vapor is absorbedinto the concentrated solution in the high-temperature absorber A2.Thus, the refrigerant vapor pressure in the high-temperature absorber A2is lower than the vapor pressure in the low-temperature absorber A1(equal to the vapor pressure in the low-temperature evaporator E1), andthe medium-concentration solution cannot flow from the high-temperatureabsorber A2 to the low-temperature absorber A1 without reliance on thepotential head difference. Therefore, when the height of thehigh-temperature absorber A2 is not high enough, the absorption heatpump cannot be started or it takes a long time to start the absorptionheat pump.

In the reverse flow shown in FIG. 34, two solution pumps are required.In the parallel flow shown in FIG. 35, only one solution pump may beenough. However, the concentration ranges in the low-temperatureabsorber A1 and the high-temperature absorber A2 are wide and theconcentrations at the outlets of the absorbers are generally equal tothe concentration of the dilute solution. Thus, the solution temperatureat the outlets of the absorbers is lower than those in the series flowshown in FIG. 33 and the flow shown in FIG. 34. That is, the temperatureraising performance as a heat pump is low.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points. It is,therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an absorptionheat pump in which waste hot water, exhaust gas or waste steam is usedas a heat source for heating heat receiving medium liquid to producevapor of the heat receiving medium in order to reduce the auxiliarymachine power and in which the heat receiving medium liquid is preheatedto improve the efficiency in converting the heat receiving medium liquidinto vapor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an absorption heatpump in which a condensed refrigerant (working medium condensedsolution) to be supplied from a condenser to an evaporator is preheatedto improve the efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-stageabsorption heat pump which is low in height and excellent in thetemperature raising performance and start-up characteristics and withwhich a high-temperature medium can be obtained in the form ofhigh-temperature vapor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

(1) To achieve the above object, an absorption heat pump according tothe present invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, anevaporator E which takes in a first heat source 301 and evaporatesrefrigerant liquid into refrigerant vapor; an absorber A which has aheat receiving medium passage 28A and which takes in heat receivingmedium liquid 303 through a heat receiving medium inlet of the heatreceiving medium passage 28A, heats the heat receiving medium liquid 303with the heat of absorption generated when the refrigerant vaporgenerated in the evaporator E is absorbed into solution, and dischargesthe heat receiving medium 304 in the form of vapor or mixture of vaporand liquid through a heat receiving medium outlet of the heat receivingmedium passage; and a generator G which takes in a second heat source301 and evaporates the refrigerant from the solution having absorbed therefrigerant vapor.

The present invention may be an absorption heat pump which has anabsorber, an evaporator, a generator, a condenser and a solution heatexchanger as primary components and pipes connecting the components witheach other and in which a heat source is introduced into the evaporatorand the generator and a cooling source is introduced into the condenserto obtain a high-temperature heat receiving medium in the absorber,wherein liquid of the heat receiving medium is introduced through a heatreceiving medium inlet of the absorber and vapor or mixture of vapor andliquid of the heat receiving medium is discharged through a heatreceiving medium outlet of the absorber.

In the present invention, liquid of a heat receiving medium isintroduced into the absorber through the heat receiving medium inlet andvapor or mixture of vapor and liquid of the heat receiving medium isdischarged from the absorber through the heat receiving medium outlet.Thus, pump power to supply the heat receiving medium liquid to theabsorber can be reduced. For example, when the heat receiving medium iswater (H₂O) and the difference between the temperatures at the inlet andoutlet of the absorber is 5K where the high-temperature heat is obtainedin the form of high-temperature water, if the high-temperature heat isobtained in the form of steam, the flow rate of water in the presentinvention can be approximately one-hundredth of that in the case of theform of high-temperature water. Thus, the pump power can be low. Evenwhen the flow rate of heat receiving medium liquid is increased toimprove the heat transfer efficiency and a vapor-liquid separation iscarried out at the outlet, the flow rate of water is approximatelyone-fiftieth of that in the case where the high-temperature heat isobtained in the form of high-temperature water.

(2) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat of (1) further comprising, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a heatreceiving medium liquid introduction flow rate control means 18 forcontrolling a flow rate of the heat receiving medium liquid 303 to beintroduced into the heat receiving medium inlet of the absorber A sothat the degree of superheat of the vapor 304 at the heat receivingmedium outlet can be a target value.

Then, since the heat receiving medium liquid introduction flow ratecontrol means for controlling the flow rate of the heat receiving mediumliquid to be introduced into the heat receiving medium inlet of theabsorber so that the degree of superheat of the vapor at the heatreceiving medium outlet can be a target value is provided, heatreceiving medium vapor free of liquid droplets can be obtained.

(3) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat of (1) further comprising, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, avapor-liquid separator 36 disposed at the heat receiving medium outletof the absorber A for separating the heat receiving medium liquid 303 tobe introduced into the heat receiving medium inlet of the absorber A.

In the present invention, the absorption heat pump as described in above(1) may have a vapor-liquid separator at the heat receiving mediumoutlet of the absorber so that heat receiving medium liquid separated inthe vapor-liquid separator can be introduced into the heat receivingmedium inlet of the absorber.

Then, since a vapor-liquid separator is disposed at the heat receivingmedium outlet of the absorber, the flow rate of heat receiving mediumliquid can be increased to improve the heat transfer coefficient of theheat receiving medium. Therefore, vapor with a higher temperature can beobtained. For example, the flow rate of the heat receiving medium liquidis one to two times the evaporation rate of heat receiving medium to beevaporated, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat receiving mediumcan be improved.

(4) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may beany one of those described in (1)-(3) above, wherein the heat receivingmedium liquid to be supplied to the absorber is heated by at least oneof a heat source medium, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator, anabsorption solution and the heat of condensation generated in thecondenser.

Then, since the heat receiving medium liquid to be supplied to theabsorber is heated by at least one of a heat source medium, therefrigerant vapor from the evaporator, an absorption solution and theheat of condensation generated in the condenser, the heat receivingmedium liquid is preheated before being supplied to the absorber.Therefore, the efficiency in converting the heat receiving medium fromliquid to vapor can be improved.

(5) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may beany one of those described in (1)-(3) above, as shown in FIG. 4, forexample, wherein a plurality of sets of an absorber and an evaporatorare provided so that the temperature raising process can be carried outin a plurality of stages.

Then, since a plurality of sets of an absorber and an evaporator areprovided and the temperature raising process is carried out in aplurality of stages, heat receiving medium vapor with a highertemperature can be obtained.

(6) To achieve the above object, an absorption heat pump according tothe present invention comprises, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, forexample, an absorber A for heating a heat receiving medium with the heatof absorption generated when working medium concentrated solutionabsorbs vapor of working medium refrigerant; a generator G which takesin and heats the solution having absorbed the vapor of working mediumrefrigerant and evaporates the working medium refrigerant to convert thesolution into working medium concentrated solution;

a condenser C which takes in the working medium refrigerant vaporgenerated in the generator G and cools to condense the working mediumrefrigerant vapor into working medium refrigerant liquid;

an evaporator E which takes in, heats and evaporates the working mediumrefrigerant liquid condensed in the condenser C into working mediumrefrigerant vapor, and allows the generated working medium refrigerantvapor to be absorbed into the working medium concentrated solution inthe absorber A; and a heat exchanger 5 for heating the working mediumrefrigerant liquid being fed from the condenser C to the evaporator Ewith the working medium refrigerant vapor flowing from the generator Gto the condenser C.

The present invention may be a single-stage or multi-stage absorptionheat pump having a single-stage or multi-stage absorber, a single-stageor multi-stage evaporator, a generator, and a condenser as primarycomponents, pipes connecting the components with each other, and a heatexchanger for heating working medium refrigerant liquid being fed fromthe condenser to the evaporator or evaporators with working mediumrefrigerant vapor flowing from the generator to the condenser.

(7) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat as described in (6) above, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, forexample, wherein the heat exchanger 5 is disposed in a passage 13through which the working medium refrigerant vapor flows from thegenerator G to the condenser C or at the inlet of the condenser so thatthe working medium refrigerant liquid being fed from the condenser C tothe evaporator E, EH can be heated with the working medium refrigerantvapor.

Then, since the heat exchanger for heating the working mediumrefrigerant liquid being fed from the condenser to the evaporator withthe working medium refrigerant vapor flowing from the generator to thecondenser is provided, the working medium refrigerant liquid from thecondenser can be heated by the refrigerant vapor generated in thegenerator and having a temperature close to that of the heat source(waste water, waste steam or the like) before it is introduced into theevaporator. Thus, the heat of the hot water is not consumed to preheatthe working medium condensed liquid, and the amount of heat to betransferred to the cooling water in the condenser can be reduced. It is,therefore, possible to provide a single-stage or multi-stage absorptionheat pump with high efficiency.

(8) The absorption heat pump according to the present inventioncomprises, as shown in FIG. 14-17, for example, a high-temperatureevaporator EH for heating and evaporating working medium refrigerantliquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; a low-temperatureevaporator E for heating and evaporating working medium refrigerantliquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; a high-temperatureabsorber AH for heating a heat receiving medium with the heat ofabsorption which is generated when working medium concentrated solutionabsorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thehigh-temperature evaporator EH and turns into a solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution; a low-temperature absorber A which takes in solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution and heats working medium refrigerant liquid of an evaporatorwith an operation temperature higher than that of the low-temperatureevaporator with the heat of absorption which is generated when thesolution absorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thelow-temperature evaporator E and turns into dilute solution with aconcentration lower than that of the solution; a generator G which takesin and heats the dilute solution, and evaporates the working mediumrefrigerant to convert the dilute solution into working mediumconcentrated solution; a condenser C which takes in the working mediumrefrigerant vapor generated in the generator G and cools to condense theworking medium refrigerant vapor into working medium refrigerant liquid;and a heat exchanger 23, 41, 42 for heating the working mediumrefrigerant liquid from the condenser C to be introduced into at leastone of the high-temperature evaporator EH and the low-temperatureevaporator E with a heating source.

The present invention may be a two-stage or three- or more stageabsorption heat pump having a multi-stage absorber (a plurality ofabsorbers), a multi-stage evaporator (a plurality of evaporators), agenerator, and a condenser as primary components, pipes connecting thecomponents with each other, and a heat exchanger for hating workingmedium refrigerant liquid flowing from the condenser to the evaporatoror evaporators with a heating source.

(9) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat of (8) described above, wherein the heating source for the heatexchanger is the heating source for the generator, the heating sourcefor the evaporator, or the working medium refrigerant vapor or workingmedium refrigerant liquid in the evaporator.

(10) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat of (8) described above, wherein the heating source for the heatexchanger is working medium solution in the generator, working mediumsolution returning to the generator, or working medium solution flowingfrom the generator to the absorber.

Then, since the heat exchanger for heating the working mediumrefrigerant liquid from the condenser to be introduced into theevaporator or evaporators with a heating source is provided, the workingmedium refrigerant liquid to be fed from the condenser to the evaporatorcan be heated. It is, therefore, possible to provide a two-stage orthree- or more stage absorption heat pump with high efficiency.

(11) An absorption heat pump according to the present inventioncomprises, as shown in FIG. 18, for example, a high-temperatureevaporator EH for heating and evaporating working medium refrigerantliquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; a low-temperatureevaporator E for heating and evaporating working medium refrigerantliquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; an high-temperatureabsorber AH for heating heat receiving medium with the heat ofabsorption which is generated when working medium concentrated solutionabsorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thehigh-temperature evaporator EH and turns into solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution; a low-temperature absorber A which takes in solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution and heats working medium refrigerant liquid of an evaporatorwith an operation temperature higher than that of the low-temperatureevaporator E with the heat of absorption which is generated when thesolution absorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thelow-temperature evaporator E and turns into a dilute solution with aconcentration lower than that of the solution; a generator G which takesin and heats the dilute solution and evaporates the working mediumrefrigerant to convert the dilute solution into working mediumconcentrated solution; and a condenser C which takes in the workingmedium refrigerant vapor generated in the generator G and cools tocondense the working medium refrigerant vapor into working mediumrefrigerant liquid; wherein the working medium refrigerant liquid fromthe condenser C is introduced into the low-temperature evaporator E andheated therein, and a portion of the working medium refrigerant liquidof the low-temperature evaporator E is introduced into an evaporator onthe high-temperature side from the low-temperature evaporator.

The present invention may be a two-stage or three- or more stageabsorption heat pump having a multi-stage absorber (a plurality ofabsorbers), a multi-stage evaporator (a plurality of evaporators), agenerator, and a condenser as primary components, and pipes connectingthe components with each other, in which working medium refrigerantliquid from the condenser is introduced into an evaporator on thelow-temperature side and heated therein, and a portion of the workingmedium refrigerant liquid in the evaporator on the low-temperature sideis introduced into an evaporator on the high-temperature side.

Then, since the working medium refrigerant liquid from the condenser isintroduced into an evaporator on the low-temperature side and heatedtherein, and a portion of the working medium refrigerant liquid in theevaporator on the low-temperature side is introduced into an evaporatoron the high-temperature side, the working medium refrigerant liquid fromthe condenser is heated in the evaporator and the heated working mediumliquid is introduced into another evaporator. It is, therefore, possibleto provide a two-stage or multi-stage absorption heat pump with highefficiency.

(12) To achieve the above object, an absorption heat pump according tothe present invention comprises, as shown in FIGS. 28, 30, for example,a generator G for generating refrigerant vapor; a condenser C for takingin the refrigerant vapor generated in the generator G; ahigh-temperature evaporator EH for taking in condensed refrigerantliquid from the condenser C; a low-temperature evaporator E for takingin condensed refrigerant liquid from the condenser C; a high-temperatureabsorber AH for taking in concentrated solution from the generator Gthrough the heated side of a low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1and the heated side of a high-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 andtaking in refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature evaporatorEH; and a low-temperature absorber A for taking in medium-concentrationsolution with a medium concentration into which the concentratedsolution turns upon absorption of the refrigerant vapor in thehigh-temperature absorber AH through the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and taking in refrigerantvapor generated in the low-temperature evaporator E, wherein thegenerator G takes in dilute solution into which the medium-concentrationsolution turns upon absorption of the refrigerant vapor in thelow-temperature absorber A through the heating side of thelow-temperature heat exchanger X1, and a portion of the concentratedsolution from the generator G heated in the low-temperature heatexchanger X1 and to be introduced into the high-temperature absorber AHis separated and introduced into the low-temperature absorber A.

The present invention may be a two-stage absorption heat pump with twotemperature raising stages, comprising a high-temperature absorber, alow-temperature absorber, a high-temperature evaporator, alow-temperature evaporator, a generator, a condenser, a high-temperaturesolution heat exchanger, and a low-temperature solution heat exchangeras primary components, wherein concentrated solution in the generator isintroduced into the high-temperature absorber through the heated side ofthe low-temperature solution heat exchanger and the heated side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger, condensed refrigerant liquidin the condenser is introduced into the low-temperature evaporator andthe high-temperature evaporator, refrigerant vapor generated in thelow-temperature evaporator is introduced into the low-temperatureabsorber, refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature evaporatoris introduced into the high-temperature absorber, medium-concentrationsolution into which the concentrated solution turns upon absorption ofthe refrigerant vapor in the high-temperature absorber is introducedinto the low-temperature absorber through the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger, dilute solution into which themedium-concentration solution turns upon absorption of the refrigerantvapor in the low-temperature absorber is introduced into the generatorthrough the heating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger,and refrigerant vapor generated in the generator is introduced into thecondenser. A portion of the concentrated solution from the generatorheated in the low-temperature heat exchanger and to be introduced intothe high-temperature absorber is separated and introduced into thelow-temperature absorber.

Then, since a portion of the concentrated solution from the generatorheated in the low-temperature heat exchanger and to be introduced intothe high-temperature absorber is separated and introduced into thelow-temperature absorber, the temperature of the solution in thelow-temperature absorber can be higher than the temperature of therefrigerant in the low-temperature evaporator even at start-up. Thus,since the difference between the vapor pressure in the high-temperatureabsorber and the vapor pressure in the low-temperature absorber can belarge, the medium-concentration solution in the high-temperatureabsorber can easily flow to the low-temperature absorber. It is,therefore, possible to provide a two-stage absorption heat pump which islow in height and excellent in temperature raising performance andstart-up characteristics.

(13) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat of (12) described above, wherein the low-temperature absorber andthe high-temperature evaporator are integrated with each other so thatthe refrigerant in the high-temperature evaporator can be directlyheated by the solution in the low-temperature absorber.

Then, since the low-temperature absorber and the high-temperatureevaporator are integrated with each other so that the refrigerant in thehigh-temperature evaporator can be directly heated by the solution inthe low-temperature absorber, the two-stage absorption heat pump can besimple in structure.

(14) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may bethat as described in (12) or (13), wherein the heat receiving medium 303is heated by the solution in the high-temperature absorber AH andconverted into vapor 304.

Then, since the heat receiving medium is heated by the solution in thehigh-temperature absorber and converted into vapor, high-temperaturemedium can be obtained with a low flow rate of the heat receivingmedium. Therefore, the power to supply the heat receiving medium can bereduced.

(15) The absorption heat pump according to the present invention may beany one of those as described in (12)-(14) above, wherein the flow rateof concentrated solution to be separated and introduced into thelow-temperature absorber is 5 to 50% of a total flow rate of theconcentrated solution from the generator.

Then, since the flow rate of concentrated solution to be separated andintroduced into the low-temperature absorber is 5 to 50% of the totalflow rate of the concentrated solution from the generator, the start-updoes not take a long time and the decrease of the temperature raisingperformance can be negligible even if the introduction of concentratedsolution is still continued after the completion of the start-up.

According to the present invention, when liquid of a heat receivingmedium is introduced into the heat receiving medium inlet of theabsorber and vapor or a mixture of vapor or liquid of the heat receivingmedium is discharged from the heat receiving medium outlet of theabsorber, pump power to supply the heat receiving medium liquid to theabsorber can be reduced.

According to the present invention, when a heat exchanger for heatingthe working medium refrigerant liquid being fed from the condenser tothe evaporator is heated with the working medium refrigerant vaporflowing from the generator to the condenser is provided, the workingmedium refrigerant liquid can be heated by the refrigerant vaporgenerated in the generator and having a temperature close to that of theheat source (waste water, waste steam or the like) before it isintroduced into the evaporator. Thus, the heat of the hot water is notconsumed to preheat the working medium condensed liquid, and the amountof heat to be transferred to the cooling water in the condenser can bereduced.

According to the present invention, when a portion of the concentratedsolution from the generator heated in the low-temperature heat exchangerand to be introduced into the high-temperature absorber is separated andintroduced into the low-temperature absorber, the temperature of thesolution in the low-temperature absorber can be higher than thetemperature of the refrigerant in the low-temperature evaporator even atstart-up. Thus, since the difference between the vapor pressure in thehigh-temperature absorber and the vapor pressure in the low-temperatureabsorber can be large, the medium-concentration solution in thehigh-temperature absorber can easily flow to the low-temperatureabsorber. It is, therefore, possible to provide a two-stage absorptionheat pump which is low in height and excellent in temperature raisingperformance and start-up characteristics.

This application is based on the Patent Applications No. 2004-299168filed on Oct. 13, 2004, 2004-299169 filed on Oct. 13, 2004, 2004-351751filed on Dec. 3, 2004 and 2004-352744 filed on Dec. 6, 2004 in Japan,the contents of which are hereby incorporated in its entirety byreference into the present application, as part thereof.

The present invention will become more fully understood from thedetailed description given hereinbelow. However, the detaileddescription and the specific embodiment are illustrated of desiredembodiments of the present invention and are described only for thepurpose of explanation. Various changes and modifications will beapparent to those ordinary skilled in the art on the basis of thedetailed description.

The applicant has no intention to give to public any disclosedembodiment. Among the disclosed changes and modifications, those whichmay not literally fall within the scope of the patent claims constitute,therefore, a part of the present invention in the sense of doctrine ofequivalents.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g.,“such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate theinvention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the inventionunless otherwise claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 7A is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 7B is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 8A is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 8B is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 9A is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 9B is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in theabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in thetwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating examples of the preheating pattern in thetwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of asingle-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a view illustrating series flow patterns of solution in atwo-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 20 is a view illustrating reverse flow patterns of solution in atwo-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 21 is a view illustrating parallel flow patterns of solution in atwo-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 22 is a view illustrating the locations of heating source solutionsin the series flow patterns of solution in the two-stage absorption heatpump according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a view illustrating the locations of heating source solutionsin the reverse flow patterns of solution in the two-stage absorptionheat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a view illustrating the locations of heating source solutionsin the parallel flow patterns of solution in the two-stage absorptionheat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a view illustrating the location of a heating source solutionheat exchanger in the series flow patterns of solution in the two-stageabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a view illustrating the location of a heating source solutionheat exchanger in the reverse flow patterns of solution in the two-stageabsorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a view illustrating the location of a heating source solutionheat exchanger in the parallel flow patterns of solution in thetwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an example of the graph of the absorption cycle on thesolution side in the two-stage absorption heat pump according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 30 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of aconventional single-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 32 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of aconventional two-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 33 is an example of the graph of the absorption cycle on thesolution side in a two-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 34 is an example of the graph of the absorption cycle on thesolution side in a two-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 35 is an example of the graph of the absorption cycle on thesolution side in a two-stage absorption heat pump.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Description will be hereinafter made of an embodiment of the presentinvention with reference to the drawings. Although waste hot water orwaste steam is used as a heat source for a generator G and an evaporatorE in this embodiment, the heat source may be exhaust gas or the like. Afirst heat source to be introduced into the evaporator and a second heatsource to be introduced into the generator may be the same or different.Also, although cooling water is used as a cooling source for a condenserC, the cooling source may be air (air-cooled system) or the like.

FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. As shown in thedrawing, the absorption heat pump has an absorber A, an evaporator E, agenerator G, a condenser C and a solution heat exchanger X as primarycomponents. A concentrated solution pipe 2 through which concentratedsolution is supplied from the generator G to the absorber A by asolution pump 1, a dilute solution pipe 10 through which dilute solutionis supplied from the absorber A to the generator G, a refrigerant pipe 4through which refrigerant liquid is supplied to the evaporator E by arefrigerant pump 3, a passage 7 through which refrigerant vaporgenerated in the evaporator E is supplied to the absorber A, and apassage 13 through which refrigerant vapor generated in the generator Gis supplied to the condenser C are provided and connect the components.

The condenser C is provided with a cooling water pipe 14A for directingcooling water 302. The evaporator E and the generator G are providedwith hot water pipes 15 and 12, respectively, for directing heat sourcehot water 301. The absorber A is provided with an evaporation pipe 28Aas a heat receiving medium passage to obtain desired high-temperaturesteam. The evaporation pipe 28A has an inlet to which a water supplypipe 17 for supplying water 303 as heat receiving medium liquid isconnected and an outlet to which a steam pipe 38A for discharging steam304 is connected. Designated as 39A is a heat exchanger for heating(preheating) the water 303 to be supplied to the absorber A through thewater supply pipe 17 by a water supply pump 18 with dilute solution fromthe absorber A, and designated as 19A is a heat exchanger for heating(preheating) the water 303 with heat source hot water 301.

In the absorption heat pump constituted as described above, when heatsource hot water 301 is supplied to the hot water pipe 12 in thegenerator G, the solution in the generator G is evaporated andconcentrated into concentrated solution. The concentrated solution isdelivered by the solution pump 1, heated in the solution heat exchangerX, fed to the absorber A, and sprayed onto a heat transfer surface ofthe evaporation pipe 28A. The refrigerant delivered to the evaporator Eby the refrigerant pump 3 is heated by heat source hot water 301 flowingthrough the hot water pipe 15 and evaporates. The refrigerant vaporflows into the absorber A through the passage 7 and is absorbed into thesprayed concentrated solution, whereupon the concentrated solution turnsinto dilute solution. The concentrated solution is heated by the heat ofabsorption generated when the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into theconcentrated solution and rises in temperature to the degreecorresponding to the boiling point elevation. Then, the heat transfersurface of the evaporation pipe 28A is heated to heat the water 303flowing through the evaporation pipe 28A, and steam 304 is generated anddischarged through the steam pipe 38A.

The dilute solution in the absorber A flows through the dilute solutionpipe 10, heats the water 303 flowing through the water supply pipe 17 inthe heat exchanger 39A, heats the concentrated solution flowing throughthe concentrated solution pipe 2 in the solution heat exchanger X, andreturns to the generator G. When the water 303 is superheated to atemperature corresponding to the evaporating pressure or heated to atemperature high enough to generate steam in the heat exchanger 39A, theheat transfer efficiency in the vicinity of the inlet of the absorber Acan be significantly improved. The vapor generated in the generator Gflows into the condenser C through the passage 13, and is cooled to becondensed by the cooling water 302 flowing through the cooling waterpipe 14A. Then, the same cycle is repeated. The heat exchanger 39A maybe disposed in the absorber A so that the water 303 can be heated by thesolution in the absorber A. In this case, the heat exchanger 39A may belocated at the inlet or outlet of the absorber A or in an intermediateposition in the absorber A.

The absorber A is provided with a liquid level meter 20A for detectingthe liquid level at the outlet thereof. The detection output from theliquid level meter 20A is transmitted to an inverter 21 for driving thesolution pump 1 to control it. The flow rate of the concentratedsolution to be supplied from the generator G to the absorber A isthereby controlled and the liquid level at the outlet of the absorber Ais maintained at a predetermined level. The evaporator E is alsoprovided with a liquid level meter 22A for detecting the liquid leveltherein. The detection output from the liquid level meter 22A istransmitted to a control valve 6 to control it. The flow rate of therefrigerant to be supplied from the condenser C is thereby controlledand the liquid level in the evaporator E is maintained. The steam pipe38A is provided with a thermometer T for detecting the temperature ofthe steam flowing therethrough. The water supply pump 18 is controlledbased on the detection output from the thermometer T to control the flowrate of the water 303 so that the degree of superheat of the steamflowing through the steam pipe 38A can be a target value. Therefore, thesteam 304 can be free of water droplets.

Since the water 303 as heat receiving medium liquid supplied through thewater supply pipe 17 is heated into high-temperature steam 304 in theevaporation pipe 28A in the absorber A as described above, the flow rateof water as heat receiving medium liquid can be small. For example, whenthe water is converted into steam, the flow rate of water can beapproximately one-hundredth of that in the case in which the water isconverted into high-temperature water when the difference between thetemperatures at the inlet and outlet of the evaporation pipe 28A is 5K.Even when the flow rate of the water 303 as heat receiving medium liquidis increased to improve the heat transfer efficiency and a vapor-liquidseparator 36 is provided as shown in FIG. 2 to separate vapor andliquid, the flow rate of water can be approximately one-fiftieth.Therefore, the power for the water supply pump 18 can be significantlyreduced.

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. In FIG. 2,parts that are the same or equivalent to the components of FIG. 1 areidentified with the same numerals. The same applies to the otherdrawings. In the absorption heat pump, a vapor-liquid separator 36 isconnected to the outlet of the evaporation pipe 28A of the absorber Aand the water supply pipe 17 is connected to the vapor-liquid separator36 as shown in FIG. 2( a). The water 303 supplied to the vapor-liquidseparator 36 and water separated from steam-water mixture are suppliedto the evaporation pipe 28A by a pump 35. The vapor-liquid separator 36is provided with a liquid level meter 40A, and the water supply pump 18is controlled based on the detection output from the liquid level meter40A to maintain the liquid level in the vapor-liquid separator 36 at apredetermined level.

When the vapor-liquid separator 36 is provided as described above andthe water 303 as heat receiving medium liquid is supplied to theevaporation pipe 28A of the absorber A in an flow rate about one to twotimes the evaporation rate of water to be evaporated, the heat transfercoefficient on the side of the heat receiving medium can be increasedand steam with a higher temperature can be obtained. In this case,however, two pumps (the water supply pump 18 and the pump 35) arerequired. When the liquid level in the vapor-liquid separator 36 israised, a bubble pump can be used instead of the pump 35.

A thermometer T for detecting the temperature of steam may be disposedat an upper part of the vapor-liquid separator 36 as shown in FIG. 2(b), and the flow rate of water to be supplied to the evaporation pipe28A may be controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the pump 35based on the detection output from the thermometer T so that the degreeof superheat of the steam in the vapor-liquid separator 36 can be atarget value. The thermometer T may be disposed on the steam pipe 38Ainstead of on the vapor-liquid separator 36 to control the degree ofsuperheat of the steam flowing through the steam pipe 38A to a targetvalue. A flow control valve (not shown) may be disposed between the pump35 and the evaporation pipe 28A so that the flow rate of water to beintroduced into the evaporation pipe 28A can be controlled bycontrolling the opening of the flow control valve (not shown), insteadof controlling the rotational speed of the pump 35, based on thedetection output from the thermometer T. The control of the flow rate ofwater to be supplied to the evaporation pipe 28A in the case where thevapor-liquid separator 36 is provided is also applicable to theembodiments described below.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. In theabsorption heat pump, a preheat pipe 45 is disposed in the condenser C,and the water supply pipe 17 is connected to the preheat pipe 45 asshown in FIG. 3. The water 303 as heat receiving medium liquid deliveredby the pump 18 is heated by the refrigerant vapor in the condenser C,heated by the refrigerant vapor generated in the evaporator E as itpasses through a heat transfer pipe 44 in the evaporator E, heated bythe heat source hot water 301 in the heat exchanger 19A, and heated bythe dilute solution from the absorber A in the heat exchanger 39A beforebeing fed to the vapor-liquid separator 36. A control valve 46 iscontrolled based on the detection output from the liquid level meter 40Ain the vapor-liquid separator 36 to control the flow rate of the water303 so that the liquid level in the vapor-liquid separator 36 can bemaintained at a predetermined level. Since the water 303 as heatreceiving medium liquid is first directed to the preheat pipe 45 in thecondenser C to allow it to exchange heat with the refrigerant vapor fromthe generator G, the refrigerant vapor is condensed and the water 303 asheat receiving medium liquid is heated when the temperature of the water303 is lower than the saturation temperature of the refrigerant vapor.The heat exchanger 19A may be omitted and the water 303 may be heated bythe refrigerant vapor from the evaporator E as it flows through the heattransfer pipe 44 in the evaporator E. In this case, the heat exchangingsystem can be simplified than the heat exchanger 19A. The preheat pipe45 is preferably located closer to the generator G than the coolingwater pipe 14A. Since superheated vapor with a temperature equal to thatof the solution heated in the generator G is generated from thesolution, the supplied water can be heated more efficiently.

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. This indicatesan example of a two-stage absorption heat pump. As shown in FIG. 4, theabsorption heat pump has a high-temperature absorber AH and avapor-liquid separator EHS. The absorber A and the evaporator E shown inFIG. 1 and FIG. 3 function as a low-temperature absorber and alow-temperature evaporator, respectively. The heated side of thelow-temperature absorber A functions as a high-temperature evaporatorEH. The refrigerant liquid fed from the condenser C through therefrigerant pipe 4 is supplied to the vapor-liquid separator EHS througha control valve 32 and a refrigerant branch pipe 8. The refrigerantvapor from the high-temperature evaporator EH is fed to the vapor-liquidseparator EHS through a refrigerant pipe 29A. The refrigerant liquidfrom the condenser C is thereby heated and evaporated in thevapor-liquid separator EHS. The refrigerant liquid separated from therefrigerant vapor is returned to the low-temperature absorber A througha refrigerant pipe 29B. A baffle plate 30 is disposed in thevapor-liquid separator EHS. Although the heat exchanger 39A uses thesolution discharged from the low-temperature absorber A as heatingfluid, the heat exchanger 39A may be disposed in the low-temperatureabsorber A so that it can use the solution in the low-temperatureabsorber A as heating fluid. The heat exchanger 39A may use therefrigerant vapor from the high-temperature evaporator EH as a heatingsource instead of the solution in the low-temperature absorber A.

The concentrated solution delivered from the generator G by the solutionpump 1 is heated (preheated) as it flows through a solution heatexchanger X1 and a heat exchanger X2 and fed to the high-temperatureabsorber AH. In the high-temperature absorber AH, the refrigerant vaporfrom the vapor-liquid separator EHS is absorbed into the concentratedsolution, whereupon the concentrated solution turns into dilutesolution. The concentrated solution is heated by the heat of absorptiongenerated when the refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the concentratedsolution and rises in temperature to the degree corresponding to theboiling point elevation. Then, the heat transfer surface of theevaporation pipe 34A is heated to heat the water 303 flowing through theevaporation pipe 34A into steam. The steam is introduced into thevapor-liquid separator 36 and undergoes vapor-liquid separation, andsteam 304 is discharged through the steam pipe 38A.

The dilute solution in the high-temperature absorber AH is supplied to aheat exchanger 81 through a dilute solution pipe 37A and heats the water303 to be supplied to the vapor-liquid separator 36 in the heatexchanger 81. Then, the dilute solution heats the concentrated solutionto be fed to the high-temperature absorber AH in the heat exchanger X2,and flows into the low-temperature absorber A through a control valve27. The control valve 27 is controlled based on the detection outputfrom the liquid level meter 20A for detecting the liquid level at theoutlet of the low-temperature absorber A to maintain the liquid level atthe outlet of the low-temperature absorber A at a predetermined level.The high-temperature absorber AH is provided with a liquid level meter31A for detecting the liquid level at the outlet thereof. The detectionoutput from the liquid level meter 31A is transmitted to the inverter 21for driving the solution pump 1 to control it. The flow rate ofconcentrated solution to be supplied to the high-temperature absorber AHis thereby controlled and the liquid level at the outlet of thehigh-temperature absorber AH is maintained at a predetermined level. Thevapor-liquid separator EHS is provided with a liquid level meter 33A.The control valve 32 is controlled based on the detection output fromthe liquid level meter 33A to maintain the liquid level in thevapor-liquid separator EHS at a predetermined level. The liquid level inthe low-temperature evaporator E is maintained at a predetermined levelby controlling the control valve 6 based on the detection output fromthe liquid level meter 22A to control the flow rate of refrigerant to besupplied from the condenser C.

Although the evaporator E has the hot water pipe 15 for directing theheat source hot water 301 through the refrigerant liquid therein in theabsorption heat pump constituted as shown in any one of FIG. 1 to FIG.4, it is needles to say that the evaporator E may be a spray-typeevaporator in which the refrigerant liquid from the condenser C issprayed onto the hot water pipe 15 for directing the heat source hotwater 301 as shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. The absorptionheat pump is different from the heat pumps shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 inthe following respect: The dilute solution from the absorber A issupplied in parallel to the heat exchanger 39A and the solution heatexchanger X in the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 5 whereas thedilute solution from the absorber A is supplied in series to the heatexchanger 39A and the solution heat exchanger X(X1) in the absorptionheat pumps shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. The dilute solution used to heatthe water 303 flowing through the water supply pipe 17 in the heatexchanger 39A and the dilute solution used to heat the concentratedsolution flowing through the concentrated solution pipe 2 in thesolution heat exchanger X are joined together, supplied to the generatorG and sprayed onto the hot water pipe 12 through which the heat sourcehot water 301 is flowing.

Although a spray-type evaporator, in which the refrigerant liquid fromthe condenser C is sprayed onto the hot water pipe 15 for directing theheat source hot water 301 as the evaporator E in the absorption heatpump as shown in FIG. 5, it is needles to say that the evaporator E maybe an evaporator having a hot water pipe 15 passing through therefrigerant liquid as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.

In the absorption heat pumps shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, the water 303 asheat receiving medium liquid to be fed to the absorber A or thehigh-temperature absorber AH is heated (preheated) by the heat sourcehot water 301 in the heat exchanger 19A and by the dilute solution(absorbent solution) from the absorber A or the high-temperatureabsorber AH in the heat exchanger 39A and introduced into the absorberA, the high-temperature absorber AH or the vapor-liquid separator 36.Here, the amount of heat transferred to the heat receiving medium/theamount of heat of the heat source is represented as COP, and the amountof heat transferred in the absorber A or the high-temperature absorberAH/the amount of heat of the heat source is represented as COPX. TheCOPX is approximately 0.4 to 0.5 in the single-stage absorption heatpumps shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 and approximately 0.26 to0.33 in the two-stage absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 4. When thewater 303 as heat receiving medium liquid is preheated by the heatsource hot water 301, the COP can be greater than the COPX since theamount of heat of the heat receiving medium/the amount of heat of heatsource equals to 1 in the preheating section. When the water 303 ispreheated by the sensible heat of the solution in the absorber A or thehigh-temperature absorber AH, the value of the amount of heat of theheat receiving medium/the amount of heat of heat source can be greaterthan the COPX, and the COP can be improved. A similar effect can beobtained when the water 303 as a heat receiving medium is preheated bythe refrigerant vapor from the evaporator E.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of anabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. The absorptionheat pump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 1 inthat waste steam 310 is used as a heat source for the generator G andthe evaporator E. As shown in the drawing, the waste steam 310 issupplied in parallel to a steam pipe 47 in the evaporator E and a steampipe 48 in the generator G to heat the refrigerant liquid in theevaporator E and the dilute solution in the generator G. The waste steam310 loses heat in the steam pipe 47 and the steam pipe 48 and condensesinto drain water. Since the drain water has a high temperature generallyequal to the saturation temperature of steam, it is used to preheat thewater 303 flowing through the water supply pipe 17 in a drain heatexchanger 49 and discharged as drain water 311. An effect similar tothat of the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained whenwaste steam is used as a heat source as described above.

FIG. 7 is a view illustrating the patterns of preheating the water 303as a heat receiving medium in the absorption heat pump according to thepresent invention, in which the heat source hot water 301 is used as aheat source for the generator G and the evaporator E and the heat sourcehot water 301 flows from the evaporator E to the generator G connectedin series. FIG. 7(A) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 7(B) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheatedby the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in a heatexchanger 50 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe evaporator E and the generator G connected with each other in seriesand is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(C) shows a case in which thewater 303 is preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cand then in a heat exchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 whichhas passed through the evaporator E and is supplied to the absorber A.FIG. 7(D) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated by the heatof condensation in the condenser C and then in a heat exchanger 52 bythe heat source hot water 301 which will pass through the evaporator Eand the generator G connected with each other in series and is suppliedto the absorber A. FIG. 7(E) shows a case in which the water 303 ispreheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in aheat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heat source hot water 301bypassing the evaporator E and the generator G connected with each otherin series and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 7(F) to FIG. 7(T) show cases in which the absorption heat pump hasa solution heat exchanger Hex in which the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A exchanges heat with thedilute solution being supplied from the absorber A to the generator G(the solution heat exchanger Hex is disposed in not only the cases F toT but in any absorption heat pump) and the water 303 is preheated by theheat of condensation in the condenser C. FIG. 7(F) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which has passed through the solution heat exchanger Hex toheat the concentrated solution being supplied from the generator G tothe absorber A and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(G) shows a casein which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchangerHex and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(H) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and issupplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 7(I) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the evaporator Eand the generator G connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 54 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which haspassed through the solution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentratedsolution being supplied from the generator G to the absorber A and issupplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(J) shows a case in which the water303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 whichhas passed through the evaporator E and then in a heat exchanger 54 bythe dilute solution from the absorber A which has passed through thesolution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 7(K) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 54 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which has passedthrough the solution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentratedsolution being supplied from the generator G to the absorber A and thenin a heat exchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which will passthrough the evaporator E and the generator G connected with each otherin series and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(L) shows a case inwhich the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53 by the heat source hotwater 301 bypassing the evaporator E and the generator G connected witheach other in series and then in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilutesolution from the absorber A which has passed through the solution heatexchanger Hex to heat the concentrated solution being supplied from thegenerator G to the absorber A and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 7(M) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the evaporator Eand the generator G connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which willpass through the solution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 7(N) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe evaporator E and then in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchangerHex and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(O) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchanger Hex andthen in a heat exchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which willpass through the evaporator E and the generator G connected with eachother in series and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(P) shows acase in which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heatsource hot water 301 bypassing the evaporator E and the generator Gconnected with each other in series and then in a heat exchanger 55 bythe dilute solution from the absorber A which will pass through thesolution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 7(Q) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the evaporator Eand the generator G connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solution from the absorberA bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 7(R) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe evaporator E and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and issupplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(S) shows a case in which the water303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and then in a heatexchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which will pass throughthe evaporator E and the generator G connected with each other in seriesand is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 7(T) shows a case in which thewater 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heat source hotwater 301 bypassing the evaporator E and the generator G connected witheach other in series and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilutesolution from the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hexand is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating the patterns of preheating the water 303in the absorption heat pump according to the present invention, in whichthe heat source hot water 301 is used as a heat source for the generatorG and the evaporator E and the heat source hot water 301 flows from thegenerator G to the evaporator E connected with each other in series.FIG. 8(A) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated by the heatof condensation in the condenser C and is supplied to the absorber A.FIG. 8(B) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated by the heatof condensation in the condenser C and then in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in series and is suppliedto the absorber A. FIG. 8(C) shows a case in which the water 303 ispreheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in aheat exchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passedthrough the generator G and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(D)shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C and then in a heat exchanger 52 by theheat source hot water 301 which will pass through the generator G andthe evaporator E connected with each other in series and is supplied tothe absorber A. FIG. 8(E) shows a case in which the water 303 ispreheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in aheat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heat source hot water 301bypassing the generator G and the evaporator E connected with each otherin series and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 8(F) to FIG. 8(T) show cases in which the absorption heat pump hasa solution heat exchanger Hex in which the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A exchanges heat with thedilute solution being supplied from the absorber A to the generator G(the solution heat exchanger Hex is disposed in not only the cases F toT but in any absorption heat pumps) and the water 303 is preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C. FIG. 8(F) shows a case inwhich the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which has passed through the solution heat exchangerHex to heat the concentrated solution being supplied from the generatorG to the absorber A and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(G) shows acase in which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchangerHex and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(H) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and issupplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 8(I) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 54 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which haspassed through the solution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentratedsolution being supplied from the generator G to the absorber A and issupplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(J) shows a case in which the water303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 whichhas passed through the generator G and then in a heat exchanger 54 bythe dilute solution from the absorber A which has passed through thesolution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 8(K) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 54 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which has passedthrough the solution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentratedsolution being supplied from the generator G to the absorber A and thenin a heat exchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which will passthrough the generator G and the evaporator E connected with each otherin series and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(L) shows a case inwhich the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heatsource hot water 301 bypassing the generator G and the evaporator Econnected with each other in series and then in a heat exchanger 54 bythe dilute solution from the absorber A which has passed through thesolution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A and is supplied to theabsorber A.

FIG. 8(M) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which willpass through the solution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 8(N) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe generator G and then in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchangerHex and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(O) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchanger Hex andthen in a heat exchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which willpass through the generator G and the evaporator E connected with eachother in series and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(P) shows acase in which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53 by the heat source hotwater 301 bypassing the generator G and the evaporator E connected witheach other in series and then in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilutesolution from the absorber A which will pass through the solution heatexchanger Hex and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 8(Q) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in series and then in aheat exchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solution from the absorberA bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 8(R) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 51 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe generator G and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and issupplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(S) shows a case in which the water303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and then in a heatexchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which will pass throughthe generator G and the evaporator E connected with each other in seriesand is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 8(T) shows a case in which thewater 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heat source hotwater 301 bypassing the generator G and the evaporator E connected witheach other in series and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilutesolution from the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hexand is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating the patterns of preheating the water 303in the absorption heat pump according to the present invention, in whichthe heat source hot water 301 is used as a heat source for the generatorG and the evaporator E and the heat source hot water 301 flows throughthe generator G and the evaporator E connected with each other inparallel. FIG. 9(A) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C and is supplied to theabsorber A. FIG. 9(B) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheatedby the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in a heatexchanger 50 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passed throughthe evaporator E and the generator G connected with each other inparallel and rejoined together and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG.9(C) shows a case in which the water 303 is preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C and then in a heat exchanger 52 by theheat source hot water 301 which will pass through the generator G andthe evaporator E connected with each other in parallel and is suppliedto the absorber A. FIG. 9(D) shows a case in which the water 303 ispreheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C and then in aheat exchanger 53 by the heat source hot water 301 bypassing theevaporator E and the generator G connected with each other in paralleland is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 9(E) to FIG. 9(P) show cases in which the absorption heat pump hasa solution heat exchanger Hex in which the concentrated solution beingsupplied from the generator G to the absorber A exchanges heat with thedilute solution being supplied from the absorber A to the generator G(the solution heat exchanger Hex is disposed in not only the cases E toP but in any absorption heat pumps) and the water 303 is preheated bythe heat of condensation in the condenser C. FIG. 9(E) shows a case inwhich the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which has passed through the solution heat exchangerHex to heat the concentrated solution being supplied from the generatorG to the absorber A and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(F) shows acase in which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchangerHex and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(G) shows a case in whichthe water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser Cis preheated in a heat exchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and issupplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 9(H) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in parallel and rejoinedtogether and then in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which has passed through the solution heat exchanger Hex toheat the concentrated solution being supplied from the generator G tothe absorber A and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(I) shows a casein which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 54 by the dilute solutionfrom the absorber A which has passed through the solution heat exchangerHex to heat the concentrated solution being supplied from the generatorG to the absorber A and then in a heat exchanger 52 by the heat sourcehot water 301 which will pass through the generator G and the evaporatorE connected with each other in parallel and is supplied to the absorberA. FIG. 9(J) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heatof condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53by the heat source hot water 301 bypassing the evaporator E and thegenerator G connected with each other in parallel and then in a heatexchanger 54 by the dilute solution from the absorber A which has passedthrough the solution heat exchanger Hex to heat the concentratedsolution being supplied from the generator G to the absorber A and issupplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 9(K) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in parallel and rejoinedtogether and then in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchanger Hex andis supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(L) shows a case in which the water303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 55 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A which will pass through the solution heat exchanger Hex andthen in a heat exchanger 52 by the heat source hot water 301 which willpass through the generator G and the evaporator E connected with eachother in parallel and is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(M) shows acase in which the water 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in thecondenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 53 by a portion of the heatsource hot water 301 bypassing the generator G and the evaporator Econnected with each other in parallel and then in a heat exchanger 55 bythe dilute solution from the absorber A which will pass through thesolution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied to the absorber A.

FIG. 9(N) shows a case in which the water 303 preheated by the heat ofcondensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heat exchanger 50 bythe heat source hot water 301 which has passed through the generator Gand the evaporator E connected with each other in parallel and rejoinedtogether and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solution from theabsorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and is supplied tothe absorber A. FIG. 9(O) shows a case in which the water 303 preheatedby the heat of condensation in the condenser C is preheated in a heatexchanger 56 by a portion of the dilute solution from the absorber Abypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and then in a heat exchanger52 by the heat source hot water 301 which will pass through theevaporator E and the generator G connected with each other in paralleland is supplied to the absorber A. FIG. 9(P) shows a case in which thewater 303 preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C ispreheated in a heat exchanger 53 by the heat source hot water 301bypassing the generator G and the evaporator E connected with each otherin parallel and then in a heat exchanger 56 by the dilute solution fromthe absorber A bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex and is suppliedto the absorber A.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating a pattern of preheating in a two-stageabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. The absorptionheat pump has a condenser C, an evaporator E, a generator G, alow-temperature absorber AL, a high-temperature evaporator EH and ahigh-temperature absorber AH, and uses heat source hot water 301 as aheat source for the generator G and the evaporator E. The absorptionheat pump also has solution heat exchangers Hex1 and Hex2 in whichconcentrated solution 320 being supplied from the generator G to thehigh-temperature absorber AH exchanges heat with dilute solution 321being supplied from the high-temperature absorber AH to thelow-temperature absorber AL and with dilute solution 322 being suppliedfrom the low-temperature absorber AL to the generator G, respectively.Water 303 is preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C,preheated in a heat exchanger 50 by the heat source hot water 301 whichhas passed through the generator G and the evaporator E connected witheach other in series, preheated in a heat exchanger 59 by the dilutesolution 322 being supplied from the low-temperature absorber AL to thegenerator G which bypasses the solution heat exchangers Hex2, andpreheated in a heat exchanger 60 by the dilute solution 321 beingsupplied from the high-temperature absorber AH to the low-temperatureabsorber AL which bypasses the solution heat exchangers Hex1, and issupplied to the high-temperature absorber AH.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating a pattern of preheating in a two-stageabsorption heat pump according to the present invention. The absorptionheat pump has a condenser C, an evaporator E, a generator G, alow-temperature absorber AL, a high-temperature evaporator EH and ahigh-temperature absorber AH, and uses heat source hot water 301 as aheat source for the generator G and the evaporator E. The absorptionheat pump also has solution heat exchangers Hex1 and Hex2 in whichdilute solution 323 being supplied from the high-temperature absorber AHto the generator G exchanges heat with concentrated solution 324 beingsupplied from the low-temperature absorber AL to the high-temperatureabsorber AH and with concentrated solution 325 being supplied from thegenerator G to the low-temperature absorber AL, respectively. Water 303is preheated by the heat of condensation in the condenser C, preheatedin a heat exchanger 50 by the heat source hot water 301 which has passedthrough the generator G and the evaporator E connected with each otherin series, preheated in a heat exchanger 62 by the dilute solution 323which has passed through the solution heat exchangers Hex1 and the heatexchanger 61 connected with each other in parallel and rejoined togetherwhich bypasses the solution heat exchanger Hex2, and preheated in a heatexchanger 61 by the dilute solution 323 from the high-temperatureabsorber AH bypassing the solution heat exchanger Hex1, and is suppliedto the high-temperature absorber.

As shown in FIG. 7(A), FIG. 8(A) and FIG. 9(A), the absorption heat pumpuses heat released from the condenser C, that is, the heat ofcondensation of a refrigerant, to preheat the water 303 as a heatreceiving medium. Since the heat of condensation of the refrigerant isheat which is usually discharged into a cooling tower or the like aswaste heat, it is preferred to recover the heat and use it as apreheating source for the water 303. The heat can be used when thetemperature of the water 303 is lower than that of the condenser C. Forexample, when the temperature of cooling water in a cooling tower is 35°C. and the temperature of the water 303 is 25° C., the temperature ofthe water 303 can be increased by about 10° C. The heat may be obtaineddirectly from the condenser C or obtained from the cooling water.

As the heat source for the absorption heat pump according to the presentinvention, various types of heat sources such as waste hot water,exhaust gas and waste steam can be used. Here, heat source hot water 301as waste hot water is used. In general, waste hot water is lower intemperature than that of the heat of absorption which can be generatedin the absorber A but has a large amount of heat. Thus, when waste hotwater is used as a preheating source, the water 303 can be preheated toa temperature higher than that of the condenser C. As the locations ofpreheating and the combination of heat sources, various patterns asshown in FIG. 7(B) to FIG. 7(T), FIG. 8(B) to FIG. 8(T), and FIG. 9(B)to FIG. 9(P) can be conceivable.

Also in a multi-stage absorption heat pump, the effect of increasing theamount of heat which can be generated in the low-temperature absorber ALand the high-temperature absorber AH can be achieved by preheating thewater 303 as a heat receiving medium. In the case of a two-stageabsorption heat pump or a multi-stage absorption heat pump, a preheatingcycle using a solution can be conceivable. FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 showexamples in a two-stage absorption heat pump.

FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of asingle-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump has an absorber A, anevaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C and a solution heat exchangerX as primary components.

Concentrated solution (working medium concentrated solution) in thegenerator G is introduced into the absorber A through a concentratedsolution pipe 2 and the heated side of the solution heat exchanger X bya solution pump 1. Refrigerant liquid (working medium refrigerantliquid) in the condenser C is introduced into the evaporator E through arefrigerant pipe 4, a refrigerant heat exchanger 5 and a control valve 6by a refrigerant pump 3. A hot water pipe 15 is disposed in theevaporator E, and the refrigerant liquid is heated by hot water 301supplied to the hot water pipe 15, and generated refrigerant vapor(working medium refrigerant vapor) is introduced into the absorber Athrough a passage 7.

The absorber A is provided therein with a spray 9, and the concentratedsolution supplied through the concentrated solution pipe 2 is sprayedinto the absorber A from the spray 9. The refrigerant vapor from theevaporator E is absorbed into the sprayed concentrated solution,whereupon the concentrated solution turns into dilute solution with alower concentration. The dilute solution flows through a dilute solutionpipe 10 and the heating side of the solution heat exchanger X to heatthe concentrated solution flowing through the concentrated solution pipe2 and flows into the generator G. The generator G is provided thereinwith a spray 11, and the dilute solution is sprayed from the spray 11onto a hot water pipe 12 in the generator G. The sprayed dilute solutionis heated by the hot water 301 supplied to the hot water pipe 12,whereupon refrigerant vapor (working medium refrigerant vapor) isgenerated and the dilute solution is concentrated into concentratedsolution. The generated refrigerant vapor flows to the condenser Cthrough a passage 13, and is cooled by cooling water 302 flowing througha cooling water pipe 14 in the condenser C and condensed intorefrigerant liquid.

In the absorber A, the concentrated solution is heated by the heat ofabsorption generated when the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator E isabsorbed into the concentrated solution, rises in temperature to thedegree corresponding to the boiling point elevation and heats ahigh-temperature water pipe 16 as a heat receiving medium passage in theabsorber A. A water supply pipe 17 is connected to the high-temperaturewater pipe 16, and water 303 as a heat receiving medium is supplied tothe high-temperature water pipe 16 through the water supply pipe 17 by awater supply pump 18. Thus, the water 303 is heated and evaporated, anddischarged as steam 304. Designated as 19 is a supply water preheaterfor heating the water 303 flowing through the water supply pipe 17 withhot water 301. The temperature of the steam 304 is detected by atemperature sensor T. A detection signal from the temperature sensor Tis inputted into an inverter (not shown) for driving the water supplypump 18 and the pump rotational speed is controlled to control thetemperature of the steam 304 to a predetermined value. When steam is notgenerated in the high-temperature water pipe 16 and high-temperaturewater is obtained by heating the water 303, the water supplied by thesupply water pump 18 may be directly supplied to the high-temperaturewater pipe 16 and heated by the heat of absorption without using thesupply water preheater 19.

The absorber A is provided with a liquid level sensor 20 for detectingthe level of the dilute solution therein. A detection signal from theliquid level sensor 20 is inputted into an inverter 21 to control therotational speed of the solution pump 1 so that the liquid level at theoutlet of the absorber A can be maintained at a predetermined level. Theevaporator E is provided with a liquid level sensor 22 for detecting thelevel of the refrigerant liquid therein. A detection signal from theliquid level sensor 22 is inputted into a control valve 6 to control theopening of the control valve 6 so that the liquid level in theevaporator E can be maintained at a predetermined level.

The refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is provide in a passage 13 throughwhich the refrigerant vapor generated in the generator G flows to thecondenser C, and the refrigerant liquid to be delivered from thecondenser C to the evaporator E by the refrigerant pump 3 is heated bythe refrigerant vapor from the generator G in the refrigerant heatexchanger 5. From the dilute solution heated in the generator G,refrigerant vapor with the same temperature as the dilute solution isgenerated. Since the refrigerant vapor has a temperature higher thanthat of the condenser C and has become superheated refrigerant vaporwith a temperature close to that of the hot water 301 to be supplied tothe hot water pipe 12 in the generator G, it can heat the refrigerantliquid from the condenser C. Since the refrigerant liquid to be suppliedfrom the condenser C to the evaporator E is heated by the refrigerantvapor introduced from the generator G to the condenser C as describedabove, the refrigerant liquid can be heated without consuming the heatof the hot water 301 to preheat the refrigerant liquid and the amount ofheat to be transferred to the cooling water 302 in the condenser C canbe reduced.

FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump has a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. In FIG. 13, parts thatare the same or equivalent to the components of FIG. 12 are identifiedwith the same numerals. In FIG. 13 to FIG. 27, parts that are the sameor equivalent to the components in the drawings are also identified withthe same numerals.

Concentrated solution (working medium concentrated solution) in thegenerator G is introduced into the high-temperature absorber AH througha concentrated solution pipe 2, the heated side of the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1, and the heated side of the high-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X2 by a solution pump 1. Refrigerant liquid(working medium refrigerant liquid) in the condenser C is introducedinto a high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS through a refrigerantpipe 4, a refrigerant heat exchanger 5, and a control valve 32 by arefrigerant pump 3. Refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperatureevaporator E is introduced into the low-temperature absorber A through apassage 7, and refrigerant vapor separated in the high-temperaturevapor-liquid separator EHS is introduced into the high-temperatureabsorber AH through a passage 24.

The high-temperature absorber AH is provided therein with a spray 25,and the concentrated solution supplied through the concentrated solutionpipe 2 is sprayed into the high-temperature absorber AH from the spray25. The refrigerant vapor from the high-temperature evaporator EH isabsorbed into the sprayed concentrated solution, whereupon theconcentrated solution turns into medium-concentration solution with amedium concentration. The medium-concentration solution flows through amedium-concentration solution pipe 26 and the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 to heat the concentratedsolution flowing through the concentrated solution pipe 2 and flows intothe low-temperature absorber A through a control valve 27. Themedium-concentration solution is sprayed from a spray 9 into thelow-temperature absorber A. The refrigerant vapor from thelow-temperature evaporator E is absorbed into the medium-concentrationsolution, whereupon the medium-concentration solution turns into dilutesolution.

The dilute solution in the low-temperature absorber A is introduced intothe generator G through a dilute solution pipe 10 and the heating sideof the low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1, and sprayed from aspray 11 onto a hot water pipe 12 in the generator G. The sprayed dilutesolution is heated by hot water 301 supplied to the hot water pipe 12,whereupon refrigerant vapor (working medium refrigerant vapor) isgenerated and the dilute solution is concentrated into concentratedsolution. The generated refrigerant vapor flows to the condenser Cthrough a passage 13 and is cooled by cooling water 302 flowing througha cooling water pipe 14 in the condenser C and condensed intorefrigerant liquid.

A hot water pipe 15 is disposed in the low-temperature evaporator E, andthe refrigerant liquid in the low-temperature evaporator E is heated byhot water 301 supplied to the hot water pipe 15. The generatedrefrigerant vapor is introduced into the low-temperature absorber Athrough a passage 7. A heat exchange pipe 28 is disposed in thelow-temperature absorber A, and refrigerant liquid transporting pipes29, 29 are connected to the heat exchange pipe 28. The refrigerantliquid in the high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS is directedinto the heat exchange pipe 28 in the low-temperature absorber A throughthe refrigerant transporting pipes 29, and heated by the heat ofabsorption generated in the low-temperature absorber A and evaporatedinto refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor is fed to thehigh-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS through the refrigeranttransporting pipe 29. The high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHShas a baffle plate 30 for vapor-liquid separation. The high-temperaturevapor-liquid separator EHS and the heat exchange pipe 28 in thelow-temperature absorber A constitute a high-temperature evaporator EH.

The high-temperature absorber AH is provided with a liquid level sensor31 for detecting the level of the medium-concentration solution therein.A detection signal from the liquid level sensor 31 is inputted into aninverter 21 to control the rotational speed of the solution pump 1 sothat the liquid level at the outlet of the high-temperature absorber AHcan be maintained at a predetermined level. The low-temperature absorberA is provided with a liquid level sensor 20 for detecting the liquidlevel at the outlet thereof. A detection signal from the liquid levelsensor 20 is inputted into a control valve 27 to control the opening ofthe control valve 27 so that the liquid level at the outlet of thelow-temperature absorber A can be maintained at a predetermined level.

The low-temperature evaporator E is provided with a liquid level sensor22 for detecting the liquid level therein. A detection signal from theliquid level sensor 22 is inputted into a control valve 6 and controlsthe opening of the control valve 6 to maintain the liquid level in thelow-temperature evaporator E at a predetermined level. Thehigh-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS is provided with a liquidlevel sensor 33 for detecting the liquid level therein. A detectionsignal from the liquid level sensor 33 is inputted into a control valve32 and controls the opening of the control valve 32 to maintain theliquid level in the high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS at apredetermined level.

The high-temperature absorber AH has a pipe 34 as a heat receivingmedium passage for supplying water as a heat receiving medium, and wateris supplied to the pipe 34 from a vapor-liquid separator 36 by a pump 35and heated therein. The generated steam is directed to the vapor-liquidseparator 36 through a pipe 37, and steam 304 is discharged through asteam discharge pipe 38. Water 303 is supplied to the vapor-liquidseparator 36 through a water supply pipe 17 by a water supply pump 18.The water 303 flowing through the water supply pipe 17 is heated in asupply water preheater 19 and a solution heat exchanger 39 and suppliedto the vapor-liquid separator 36. The dilute solution from thelow-temperature absorber A flowing through a dilute solution pipe 10flows through the heating side of the solution heat exchanger 39. Thevapor-liquid separator 36 is provided with a liquid level sensor 40. Adetection signal from the liquid level sensor 40 is inputted into aninverter (not shown) for driving the water supply pump 18 to control thepump rotational speed so that the liquid level in the liquid levelsensor 36 can be maintained at a predetermined level.

In the two-stage absorption heat pump constituted as described above,since the refrigerant liquid from the condenser C is preheated by therefrigerant vapor from the generator G in the refrigerant heat exchanger5 and supplied to the low-temperature evaporator E, the efficiency canbe improved as in the case with the absorption heat pump shown in FIG.12. Although not illustrated, the refrigerant heat exchanger 5, which isdisposed in the passage 13, through which refrigerant vapor flows fromthe generator G to the condenser C, in the above example, may bedisposed at the inlet of the condenser C. Although a single-stageabsorption heat pump is shown in FIG. 12 and a two-stage absorption heatpump is shown in FIG. 13, the present invention is not limited thereto.The present invention is applicable to a multi-stage absorption heatpump having a multiplicity of sets of absorbers and evaporators.

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump is the same as theabsorption heat pump shown in FIG. 13 in having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. The absorption heatpump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 13 in thefollowing respects: The refrigerant heat exchanger 5 for heating therefrigerant liquid from the condenser C with the refrigerant vapor fromthe generator G shown in FIG. 13 is omitted and a heat exchanger 23 towhich hot water 301 is supplied is disposed on the heating side so thatthe condensed liquid from the condenser C can be heated in the heatexchanger 23 and supplied to the high-temperature vapor-liquid separatorEHS.

The ideal COP in a two-stage absorption heat pump is 0.5 at a one stagetemperature raising and 0.33 at a two stage temperature raising. Whenthe heat exchanger 23 is provided to preheat the refrigerant liquid tobe supplied to the high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS for thehigh-temperature evaporator EH with the hot water 301, the refrigerantliquid increases in temperature from the condensation temperature to thehigh-temperature evaporator temperature (which corresponds to thetemperature in a single-stage heating heat pump) and boils. Since therefrigerant liquid is heated from the condensation temperature to atemperature close to the heat source temperature (the temperature of thehot water 301) by the hot water 301 in the heat exchanger 23, that is,heated at a COP of 1, the efficiency can be improved as a whole. In aconventional heat pump, however, the refrigerant liquid from thecondenser C is directly introduced into the high-temperature evaporatorEH (high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS). This means that therefrigerant liquid is heated from the condensation temperature to theboiling point at a COP of about 0.5, which corresponds to that in thetemperature raising process in the high-temperature evaporator EH.

FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump is the same as theabsorption heat pump shown in FIG. 14 in having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. The absorption heatpump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 14 in thefollowing respect: A refrigerant heat exchanger 5 is disposed in thepassage 13, through which refrigerant vapor flows from the generator Gto the condenser C, in the heat pump shown in FIG. 14.

The refrigerant liquid from the condenser C is fed to the refrigerantheat exchanger 5 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and heated by therefrigerant vapor from the generator G. Some of the refrigerant liquidis separated and introduced into the low-temperature evaporator Ethrough the control valve 6. The remaining refrigerant liquid is fed tothe heat exchanger 23 through the control valve 32, heated by the hotwater 301, and introduced into the high-temperature vapor-liquidseparator EHS for the high-temperature evaporator EH. Therefore, theamount of heat to be transferred from the refrigerant vapor to thecooling water 302 in the condenser C can be reduced and the efficiencycan be further improved as a whole as compared to the absorption heatpump shown in FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump is the same as theabsorption heat pump shown in FIG. 15 in having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. The absorption heatpump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 15 inhaving a refrigerant heater 41 for heating the refrigerant liquid fromthe condenser C with the dilute solution to be introduced into thegenerator G.

The refrigerant liquid from the condenser C is fed to the refrigerantheater 41 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and heated therein by thedilute solution to be introduced into the generator G. Some of therefrigerant liquid is separated and introduced into the low-temperatureevaporator E through the control valve 6. The remaining refrigerantliquid is fed to the heat exchanger 23 through the control valve 32,heated and boiled by the hot water 301, and introduced into thehigh-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS for the high-temperatureevaporator EH. Therefore, the efficiency can be improved as a whole asin the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 15. Although not illustrated,the refrigerant liquid to be fed from the condenser C to thelow-temperature evaporator E and the high-temperature vapor-liquidseparator EHS for the high-temperature evaporator EH may be heated bythe concentrate solution in the generator G.

FIG. 17 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump is the same as theabsorption heat pump shown in FIG. 16 in having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. The absorption heatpump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 16 in thefollowing respects: The refrigerant heat exchanger 41 for heating therefrigerant liquid shown in FIG. 16 with the dilute solution to beintroduced into the generator G and the heat exchanger 23 for heatingthe refrigerant liquid with hot water are omitted and a refrigerantheater 42 for heating the refrigerant from the condenser C with therefrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature evaporator E.

Some of the refrigerant liquid from the condenser C flowing through therefrigerant pipe 4 is separated and fed to the low-temperatureevaporator E through the control valve 6. The remaining refrigerantliquid is introduced into the refrigerant heater 42, heated therein bythe refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature evaporator E, andintroduced into the high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS for thehigh-temperature evaporator EH through a control valve 32. Therefore,the efficiency can be further improved as a whole as in the absorptionheat pump shown in FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump is the same as theabsorption heat pump shown in FIG. 17 in having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components. The absorption heatpump is different from the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 17 in thefollowing respect: All the refrigerant liquid from the condenser C isintroduced into the low-temperature evaporator E, and the refrigerantliquid heated by the hot water 301 in the low-temperature evaporator Eis introduced into the high-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS forthe high-temperature evaporator EH through the control valve 32 by apump 43. Therefore, the efficiency can be further improved as a whole asin the absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 17.

Although two-stage absorption heat pumps having a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, and a generator G as primarycomponents have been described in the examples shown in FIG. 13 to FIG.18, the absorption heat pump according to the present invention is notlimited thereto. It is needless to say that the present invention isapplicable to a multi-stage absorption heat pump with three or moretemperature raising stages having a high-temperature absorber, two ormore low-temperature absorbers, a high-temperature evaporator and two ormore low-temperature evaporators.

As the flow patterns of the working medium solution through thehigh-temperature absorber AH, the low-temperature absorber AL, and thegenerator G in the two-stage absorption heat pumps, there are seriesflow patterns as shown in FIG. 19, reverse flow patterns as shown inFIG. 20, and parallel flow patterns as shown in FIG. 21. In FIG. 19 toFIG. 21, the low-temperature absorber is designated as AL.

FIG. 19 is a view illustrating series flow patterns. In the case shownin FIG. 19( a), the concentrated solution from the generator G issupplied to the high-temperature absorber AH through the heated side ofthe low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and the heated side ofthe high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH. The solution(medium-concentration solution) from the high-temperature absorber AHflows through the heating side of the high-temperature solution heatexchanger HH to heat the concentrated solution from the generator Gflowing through the heated side of the high-temperature solution heatexchanger HH and is supplied to the low-temperature absorber AL. Thesolution (dilute solution) from the low-temperature absorber AL flowsthrough the heating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchangerHL to heat the concentrated solution from the generator G flowingthrough the heated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchangerHL and is supplied to the generator G. In the case shown in FIG. 19( b),some of the concentrated solution from the generator G which has passedthrough the heated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchangerHL is supplied to the low-temperature absorber AL, and the remainingconcentrated solution is supplied to the high-temperature absorber AHthrough the heated side of the high-temperature solution heat exchangerHH. The solution from the high-temperature absorber AH flows through theheating side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH to heatthe concentrated solution from the generator G flowing through theheated side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH and issupplied to the low-temperature absorber AL. The solution from thelow-temperature absorber AL flows through the heating side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL to heat the concentratedsolution from the generator G flowing through the heated side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and is supplied to thegenerator G.

FIG. 20 is a view illustrating reverse flow patterns. In the case shownin FIG. 20( a), the concentrated solution from the generator G issupplied to the low-temperature absorber AL through the heated side ofthe low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL. The concentratedsolution from the low-temperature absorber AL is supplied to thehigh-temperature absorber AH through the heated side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger HH. The solution from thehigh-temperature absorber AH flows through the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger HH to heat the concentratedsolution from the low-temperature absorber AL flowing through the heatedside of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH, flows throughthe heating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL toheat the concentrated solution from the generator G flowing through theheated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, and issupplied to the generator G. In the case shown in FIG. 20( b), theconcentrated solution from the generator G is supplied to thelow-temperature absorber AL through the heated side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL. Some of the solution fromthe low-temperature absorber AL is supplied to the high-temperatureabsorber AH through the heated side of the high-temperature solutionheat exchanger HH. The remaining solution and the solution from thehigh-temperature absorber AH having flowed through the heating side ofthe high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH to heat the solutionfrom the low-temperature absorber AL join together, flows through theheating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL to heatthe concentrated solution from the generator G flowing through theheated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and flowsinto the generator G.

FIG. 21 is a view illustrating parallel flow patterns. In the case shownin FIG. 21( a), some of the concentrated solution from the generator Gwhich has passed through the heated side of the low-temperature solutionheat exchanger HL is supplied to the low-temperature absorber AL, andthe remaining concentrated solution is supplied to the high-temperatureabsorber AH through the heated side of the high-temperature solutionheat exchanger HH. The dilute solution from the high-temperatureabsorber AH flows through the heating side of the high-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HH to heat the concentrated solution from thegenerator G flowing through the heated side of the high-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HH. The dilute solution and the dilute solutionfrom the low-temperature absorber AL joins together, flows through theheating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL to heatthe concentrated solution from the generator G flowing through theheated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, and flowsinto the generator G. In the case shown in FIG. 21( b), some of theconcentrated solution from the generator G is supplied to thelow-temperature absorber AL through the heated side of a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL, and the remaining concentrated solution issupplied to the high-temperature absorber AH through the heated side ofa high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH. The dilute solution fromthe high-temperature absorber AH flows through the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger HH to heat the concentratedsolution from the generator G flowing through the heated side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger HH, and is supplied to thegenerator G. The solution from the low-temperature absorber AL flowsthrough the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL to heat theconcentrated solution from the generator G flowing through the heatedside of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, and is suppliedto the generator G.

In the flow patterns of the working medium solution as shown in FIG. 19to FIG. 21, the working medium solutions to be used as heating sourcesfor the working medium refrigerant from the condenser are the workingmedium solutions flowing into or out of the low-temperature solutionheat exchanger HL and the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH.In the case of the series flow patterns, the working medium solutionsare solutions A1 to A5 shown in FIG. 22. In the case of FIG. 22( a), theworking medium solutions are concentrated solution A1 from the generatorG flowing into the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL,concentrated solution A2, which is the concentrated solution A1 havingflowed through the heated side of the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL, solution (dilute solution) A3 from the low-temperatureabsorber AL flowing into the heating side of the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL, and solution A4, which is the solution A3having flowed through the heating side of the low-temperature solutionheat exchanger HL and flowing into the generator G. In the case of FIG.22( b), the working medium solutions are concentrated solution A1 fromthe generator G flowing into the heated side of the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL, concentrated solution A2, which is theconcentrated solution A1 having flowed through the heated side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, solution A5 from thelow-temperature absorber AL flowing into the heating side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, and solution A6, which isthe solution A5 having flowed through the heating side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and flowing into thegenerator G.

In the case of the reverse flow patterns, the working medium solutionsare solutions B1 to B7 shown in FIG. 23. In the case of FIG. 23( a), theworking medium solutions are concentrated solution B1 from the generatorG flowing into the heated side of the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL, concentrated solution B2, which is the concentratedsolution B1 having flowed through the heated side of the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL, solution B3 from the high-temperatureabsorber AH flowing through the heating side of the high-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HH and flowing into the heating side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, and solution B4, which isthe solution B3 having flowed through the heating side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and flowing into thegenerator G. In the case of FIG. 23( b), the working medium solutionsare concentrated solution B1 from the generator G flowing into theheated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL,concentrated solution B2, which is the concentrated solution B1 havingflowed through the heated side of the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL, solution B5, which is a portion of the solution flowingout of the low-temperature absorber AL, solution B6, which is themixture of the solution B5 and the solution from the high-temperatureabsorber AH having flowed through the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger HH which is flowing into theheating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, andsolution B7, which is the solution B6 having flowed through the heatingside of a low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL and flowing intothe generator G.

In the case of the parallel flow patterns, the working medium solutionsare solutions C1 to C11 shown in FIG. 24. In the case of FIG. 24( a),the working medium solutions are concentrated solution C1 from thegenerator G flowing into the heated side of the low-temperature solutionheat exchanger HL, concentrated solution C2, which is the concentratedsolution C1 having flowed through the heated side of the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL, solution C3 having flowed through theheating side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH andflowing into the heating side of the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL, solution C4 flowing from the low-temperature absorber ALinto the heating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL,and solution C5, which is the mixture of the solutions C3 and C4 havingflowed through the heating side of the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL and flowing into the generator G. In the case of FIG. 24(b), the working medium solutions are concentrated solution C1 from thegenerator G, solution C6 separated from the solution C1 and flowing intothe heated side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH,solution C7 separated from the solution C1 and flowing into the heatedside of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, solution C8,which is the solution C7 having flowed through the heated side of thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL, solution C9 from thehigh-temperature absorber AH having flowed through the heating side ofthe high-temperature solution heat exchanger HH and flowing into thegenerator G, solution C10 from the low-temperature absorber AL flowinginto the heating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL,solution c11, which is the solution C10 having flowed through theheating side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL andflowing into the generator G, and solution C12, which is the mixture ofthe solutions 9C and C11 flowing into the generator G.

Heating source solution heat exchangers D1 and D2, E1 and E2, and F1 andF2 through which heating source solution passes may be disposed inparallel to the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL in the seriesflow patterns, reverse flow patterns and the parallel flow patterns,respectively, as shown in FIG. 25 to FIG. 27.

In the series flow patterns shown in FIG. 25( a) and FIG. 25( b), thesolution from the low-temperature absorber AL is used as the heatingsource solution, and a heating source solution heat exchanger D1 or D2through which the heating source solution passes are disposed inparallel to the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL. In thereverse flow pattern shown in FIG. 26( a), the solution from thehigh-temperature absorber AH is used as the heating source solution, anda heating source solution heat exchanger E1 through which the heatingsource solution passes is disposed in parallel to the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger HL. In the reverse flow pattern shown in FIG.26( b), the solution from the high-temperature absorber AH and thesolution from the low-temperature absorber AL are used as the heatingsource solution, and a heating source solution heat exchanger E2 throughwhich the heating source solution passes is disposed in parallel to thelow-temperature solution heat exchanger HL. In the parallel flow patternshown in FIG. 27( a), the solution from the high-temperature absorber AHand the solution from the low-temperature absorber AL are used as theheating source solution, and a heating source solution heat exchanger F1through which the heating source solution passes is disposed in parallelto the low-temperature solution heat exchanger HL. In the parallel flowpattern shown in FIG. 27( b), the solution from the low-temperatureabsorber AL is used as the heating source solution, and a heating sourcesolution heat exchanger F2 through which the heating source solutionpasses is disposed in parallel to the low-temperature solution heatexchanger HL.

Although the solution flow patterns and the locations of the workingmedium solutions as the heat sources for the working medium refrigerantin a two-stage absorption heat pump are shown in FIG. 19 to FIG. 27, thesolution flow patterns and the locations of the working medium solutionsas the heat sources for the working medium refrigerant are generally thesame in an absorption heat pump with three or more temperature raisingstages.

FIG. 28 is a view illustrating an example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. Asshown in the drawing, the absorption heat pump has a high-temperatureabsorber AH, a low-temperature absorber A, a high-temperature evaporatorEH, a low-temperature evaporator E, a generator G, a condenser C, ahigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 and a low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1 as primary components.

Concentrated solution in the generator G is introduced into thehigh-temperature absorber AH through a concentrated solution pipe 2, theheated side of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1, and theheated side of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 by asolution pump 1. Condensed refrigerant liquid in the condenser C isintroduced into the low-temperature evaporator E through a refrigerantpipe 4 and a control valve 6 and into the high-temperature evaporator EHthrough the refrigerant pipe 4 and a control valve 32 by a refrigerantpump 3. Refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature evaporator Eis introduced into the low-temperature absorber A through a passage 7,and refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature evaporator EH isintroduced into the high-temperature absorber AH through a passage 24.

The high-temperature absorber AH is provided therein with a spray 25,and the concentrated solution supplied through the concentrated solutionpipe 2 is sprayed into the high-temperature absorber AH from the spray25. The refrigerant vapor from the high-temperature evaporator EH isabsorbed into the sprayed concentrated solution, whereupon theconcentrated solution turns into medium-concentration solution with amedium concentration. The medium-concentration solution flows through amedium-concentration solution pipe 26A and the heating side of thehigh-temperature solution heat exchanger X2 to heat the concentratedsolution flowing through the concentrated solution pipe 2 and isintroduced into the low-temperature absorber A through a check valve 82and a control valve 27. The introduced medium-concentration solution issprayed from a spray 9 disposed in the low-temperature absorber A. Therefrigerant vapor from the low-temperature evaporator E is absorbed intothe medium-concentration solution, whereupon the medium-concentrationsolution turns into dilute solution.

The dilute solution in the low-temperature absorber A is introduced intothe generator G through a dilute solution pipe 10A and the heating sideof the low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1, and sprayed from aspray 11 onto a hot water pipe 12 in the generator G. The sprayed dilutesolution is heated by hot water 301 supplied to the hot water pipe 12,whereupon refrigerant vapor is generated and the dilute solution isconcentrated into concentrated solution. The generated refrigerant vaporflows to the condenser C through a passage 13, and is cooled by coolingwater 302 flowing through a cooling water pipe 14 in the condenser C andcondensed into refrigerant liquid.

Heat exchange pipes 28 and 83 are disposed in the low-temperatureabsorber A and the high-temperature evaporator EH, respectively, and theheat exchange pipes 28 and 83 are connected to working mediumtransporting pipes 89 and 89. The working medium is circulated throughthe heat exchange pipes 28 and 83 by a circulation pump 84. By thecirculation of the working medium, the heat generated in thelow-temperature absorber A is transmitted to the high-temperatureevaporator EH. The high-temperature evaporator EH is provided thereinwith a spray 85, and the refrigerant liquid introduced through thecontrol valve 32 is supplied to the spray 85 and circulated. Therefrigerant liquid in the high-temperature evaporator EH is alsosupplied to the spray 85 by a refrigerant pump 86. When the refrigerantliquid is sprayed onto the heat exchange pipe 83 from the spray 85, therefrigerant liquid is heated and evaporated by the working mediumcirculating through the heat exchange pipe 83, and the generatedrefrigerant vapor is introduced into the high-temperature absorber AHthrough the passage 24 as described before.

A hot water pipe 15 is disposed in the low-temperature evaporator E, andthe refrigerant liquid in the low-temperature evaporator E is heated byhot water supplied to the hot water pipe. The generated refrigerantvapor is introduced into the low-temperature absorber A as describedbefore. The concentrated solution fed through the concentrated solutionpipe 2 flows through the heated side of the low-temperature solutionheat exchanger X1 and heated therein. After that, some of theconcentrated solution is divided into a branch pipe 87 and introducedinto the low-temperature absorber A. The flow rate of the concentratedsolution to be introduced into the low-temperature absorber A isrestricted by an orifice 88.

The high-temperature absorber AH is provided with a liquid level sensor31 for detecting the liquid level therein. A detection signal from theliquid level sensor 31 is inputted into an inverter 21 to control therotational speed of the solution pump 1. The low-temperature absorber Ais provided with a liquid level sensor 20 for detecting the liquid levelat the outlet thereof. A detection signal from the liquid level sensor20 is inputted into a control valve 27 and controls the opening of thecontrol valve 27. The low-temperature evaporator E is provided with aliquid level sensor 22 for detecting the liquid level therein. Adetection signal from the liquid level sensor 22 is inputted into acontrol valve 6 and controls the opening of the control valve 6. Thehigh-temperature evaporator EH is provided with a liquid level sensor 33for detecting the liquid level therein. A detection signal from theliquid level sensor 33 is inputted into a control valve 32 and controlsthe opening of the control valve 32.

The high-temperature absorber AH has a pipe 34 for supplying water as aheat receiving medium, and water is supplied to the pipe 34 from avapor-liquid separator 36 by a pump 35 and heated therein. The generatedsteam is directed to the vapor-liquid separator 36 through a pipe 37,and steam 304 is discharged through a steam discharge pipe 38. Water 303as a heat receiving medium is supplied to the vapor-liquid separator 36through a water supply pipe 17 by a water supply pump 18. The water 303flowing through the water supply pipe 17 is heated by hot water 301flowing through a hot water pipe 43 in a heat exchanger 19A and then bythe dilute solution flowing through a dilute solution pipe 10A in a heatexchanger 39A, and introduced into the vapor-liquid separator 36. Thevapor-liquid separator 36 is provided with a liquid level sensor 40 fordetecting the liquid level therein. A detection signal from the liquidlevel sensor 40 is inputted into an inverter (not shown) for driving thewater supply pump 18 to control the pump rotational speed.

In the two-stage absorption heat pump constituted as described above,hot water 301 as a heat source is supplied to the hot water pipe 12 inthe generator G and the hot water pipe 15 in the low-temperatureevaporator E, and cooling water 302 is supplied to the cooling waterpipe in the condenser C. The concentrated solution in the generator G isdelivered by the solution pump 1 and heated in the low-temperaturesolution heat exchanger X1. After that, some of the concentratedsolution is divided into the branch pipe 87 and introduced into thelow-temperature absorber A, and the remaining concentrated solution isdirected to the high-temperature absorber AH through the heated side ofthe high-temperature solution heat exchanger X2. In the high-temperatureabsorber AH, the concentrated solution is sprayed from the spray 25,absorbs the vapor from the high-temperature evaporator EH to generateheat of absorption and is diluted into a medium-concentration solutionwith a medium concentration. The medium-concentration solution isdirected to the low-temperature absorber A through the heating side ofthe high-temperature solution heat exchanger X2. In the low-temperatureabsorber A, the concentrated solution divided into the branch pipe 87and the medium-concentration solution from the high-temperature absorberAH are mixed together. The mixed solution is sprayed from the spray 9,absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the low-temperature evaporator E togenerate heat of absorption, and is diluted into a dilute solution. Thedilute solution is returned to the generator G through the heating sideof the low-temperature solution heat exchanger X1.

The cooling side of the low-temperature absorber A functions as a heatsupplying section for the high-temperature evaporator EH. The workingmedium flowing through the heat exchange pipe 28 is heated by the heatof absorption generated when the refrigerant vapor from thelow-temperature evaporator E is absorbed into the mixed solution sprayedfrom the absorber spray 9. The heated working medium is fed to the heatexchange pipe 83 in the high-temperature evaporator EH and supplies theheat of absorption generated in the low-temperature absorber A to thehigh-temperature evaporator EH to heat the refrigerant liquid sprayedfrom the spray 85 onto the heat exchange pipe 83. In the low-temperatureevaporator E, the refrigerant liquid is heated by the hot water flowingthrough the hot water pipe 15 and refrigerant vapor is generated.

As described above, some of the concentrated solution is supplied to thelow-temperature absorber A at start-up and absorbs the refrigerant vaporfrom the low-temperature evaporator E. Thus, the temperature of thedilute solution increases and the working medium flowing through theheat exchange pipe 28 is heated. Since the temperature of the workingmedium becomes higher than that of the vapor in the low-temperatureevaporator E, the temperature of the refrigerant vapor generated fromthe refrigerant liquid sprayed onto the heat exchange pipe 83 from thespray 85 in the high-temperature evaporator EH becomes higher than thatof the vapor in the low-temperature evaporator E and the vapor pressurein the high-temperature evaporator EH becomes higher than that in thelow-temperature evaporator E. The vapor pressure in the high-temperatureabsorber AH is generally equal to that in the high-temperatureevaporator EH, and the vapor pressure in the low-temperature absorber Ais generally equal to that in the low-temperature evaporator E. Thus,the vapor pressure in the high-temperature absorber AH is higher thanthat in the low-temperature absorber A, and ensures the flow of thesolution from the high-temperature absorber AH to the low-temperatureabsorber A.

The flow rate of concentrated solution to be divided into the branchpipe 87 and introduced into the low-temperature absorber A isapproximately 5 to 50% of the concentrated solution supplied from thegenerator G through the concentrated solution pipe 2. When the flow rateof the concentrated solution is small, the start-up takes a long timebut the decrease of the temperature raising performance can benegligible even if the introduction of concentrated solution is stillcontinued after the completion of the start-up. FIG. 29 is a graph ofabsorption cycle obtained when the introduction of concentrated solutionis still continued after the completion of the start-up (which is thesame as the graph of absorption cycle shown in FIG. 33). When the flowrate of the concentrated solution is large, the introduction ofconcentrated solution must to be stopped after the completion of thestart-up. When the introduction of concentrated solution is continued,the temperature raising performance decreases significantly to be thesame level as that of a parallel flow (see FIG. 35).

Although the concentrated solution separated from the concentratedsolution flowing through the concentrated solution pipe 2 and introducedinto the low-temperature absorber A is mixed with themedium-concentration solution from the high-temperature absorber AH andthe mixed solution is introduced into the low-temperature absorber A inthe above two-stage absorption heat pump, the concentrated solution andthe medium-concentration solution may be separately introduced into thelow-temperature absorber A at different points. For example, theconcentrated solution may be first introduced from the inlet of thelow-temperature absorber A and the medium-concentration solution may beintroduced from an intermediate portion of the low-temperature absorberA.

The flow of the concentrated solution is controlled by controlling therotational speed of the solution pump 1 based on the output from aliquid level sensor and the concentrated solution is fed from the outletof the generator G to the high-temperature absorber AH so that theliquid level at the outlet of the high-temperature absorber AH can begenerally constant. The flow rate of the medium-concentration solutionfrom the high-temperature absorber AH to the low-temperature absorber Ais adjusted by controlling the opening of the control valve 27 at theinlet of the low-temperature absorber A based on the detection outputfrom the liquid level sensor 20 so that the liquid level at the outletof the high-temperature absorber AH can be generally constant.

FIG. 30 is a view illustrating another example of the constitution of atwo-stage absorption heat pump according to the present invention. InFIG. 30, parts that are the same or equivalent to the components of FIG.28 are identified with the same numerals. The two-stage absorption heatpump shown in FIG. 30 is different from the two-stage absorption heatpump shown in FIG. 28 in the following respects: The high-temperatureevaporator EH and the low-temperature absorber A are constitutedseparately and the heat is transferred from the low-temperature absorberA to the high-temperature evaporator EH with the working mediumcirculating between the heat exchange pipe 28 and the heat exchange pipe83 through the working medium transporting pipes 89 and 89 in thetwo-stage absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 28 whereas thehigh-temperature evaporator EH and the low-temperature absorber A areintegrated with each other, and the refrigerant liquid in ahigh-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS is fed to the heat exchangepipe 28 (high-temperature evaporator EH) in the low-temperature absorberA through a refrigerant transporting pipe 29, heated and evaporatedtherein, and the generated refrigerant vapor is fed to thehigh-temperature vapor-liquid separator EHS through a refrigeranttransporting pipe 29 in the two-stage absorption heat pump shown in FIG.30. Designated as 30 is a baffle disposed in the high-temperaturevapor-liquid separator EHS.

In the two-stage absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 30, some of theconcentrated solution is supplied to the low-temperature absorber A atstart-up and absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the low-temperatureevaporator E. Thus, the temperature of the dilute solution increases andthe working medium flowing through the heat exchange pipe 28 is heated.Since the temperature of the working medium becomes higher than that ofthe steam in the low-temperature evaporator E, the temperature of theevaporated refrigerant becomes higher than that of the steam in thelow-temperature evaporator E and the vapor pressure in thehigh-temperature evaporator EH becomes higher than that in thelow-temperature evaporator E. The vapor pressure in the high-temperatureabsorber AH is generally equal to that in the high-temperatureevaporator EH, and the vapor pressure in the low-temperature absorber Ais generally equal to that in the low-temperature evaporator E. Thus,the vapor pressure in the high-temperature absorber AH is higher thanthat in the low-temperature absorber A, and ensures the flow of thesolution from the high-temperature absorber AH to the low-temperatureabsorber A.

The flow rate of concentrated solution to be divided into the branchpipe 87 and introduced into the low-temperature absorber A isapproximately 5 to 50% of the concentrated solution supplied from thegenerator G through the concentrated solution pipe 2. When the flow rateof the concentrated solution is small, the start-up takes a long timebut the decrease of the temperature raising performance can benegligible even if the introduction of concentrated solution is stillcontinued after the completion of the start-up. The graph of absorptioncycle which can be obtained when the introduction of concentratedsolution is still continued after the completion of the start-up is thesame as the graph of absorption cycle shown in FIG. 29. When the flowrate of the concentrated solution is large, a valve must be disposed inthe branch pipe 87 for stopping the introduction of concentratedsolution after the completion of the start-up.

The level of the refrigerant liquid in the high-temperature vapor-liquidseparator EHS is detected by a liquid level sensor 33, and a detectionsignal from the liquid level sensor 33 is inputted into the controlvalve 32 to control the opening of the control valve 32 so that thelevel of the refrigerant liquid in the high-temperature vapor-liquidseparator EHS can be a preset value. When the two-stage absorption heatpump is constituted as shown in FIG. 30, the structure can be simplifiedand the production cost and running cost can be reduced as compared withthe two-stage absorption heat pump shown in FIG. 28 since thecirculation pump 84 for circulating the working medium to transfer theheat from the low-temperature absorber A to the high-temperatureevaporator EH and the refrigerant pump 86 for circulating therefrigerant in the high-temperature evaporator EH are not necessary.Also, the heat loss at the time when the working medium exchanges heatwith the refrigerant in the high-temperature evaporator EH can beeliminated.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described,it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to theabove embodiments and various modifications can be made to theembodiments within the scope of the claims and within the scope of thetechnical ideas described in the specification and drawings. Forexample, the case where the refrigerant liquid to be introduced from thecondenser C to the evaporator E, the low-temperature evaporator E, andthe high-temperature evaporator EH is preheated (heated) with an workingmedium (the concentrated solution, dilute solution, refrigerant vapor orrefrigerant liquid) or a heating source other than the operating media(such as hot water) is included in the present invention. Also, althoughsteam generated by heating water as a heat receiving medium in thehigh-temperature absorber AH is introduced into a vapor-liquid separatorand undergoes vapor-liquid separation, and steam 304 separated from thesteam-water mixture is discharged in the above embodiments, thevapor-liquid separator may not be disposed in addition, the heatreceiving medium is not necessarily heated into steam but may beobtained in the form of hot water.

The list of the reference numerals for the primary elements used in theabove description is shown below; 5: heat exchanger, 13: passage, 23:heat exchanger, 36: vapor-liquid separator, 46: control valve (heatreceiving medium liquid introduction flow rate control means), 301: heatsource, 302: cooling source, 303: heat receiving medium liquid, 304:heat receiving medium, A: absorber, AH: high-temperature absorber, E:evaporator, EH: high-temperature evaporator, C: condenser, G: generator,X: solution heat exchanger, X1: low-temperature solution heat exchanger,and X2: high-temperature solution heat exchanger.

1. An absorption heat pump, comprising: an absorber for heating a heatreceiving medium with the heat of absorption generated when workingmedium concentrated solution absorbs vapor of working mediumrefrigerant; a generator which takes in and heats the solution havingabsorbed the vapor of working medium refrigerant and evaporates theworking medium refrigerant to convert the solution into working mediumconcentrated solution; a condenser which takes in the working mediumrefrigerant vapor generated in the generator and cools to condense theworking medium refrigerant vapor into working medium refrigerant liquid;an evaporator which takes in, heats and evaporates the working mediumrefrigerant liquid condensed in the condenser into working mediumrefrigerant vapor, and allows the generated working medium refrigerantvapor to be absorbed into the working medium concentrated solution inthe absorber; and a heat exchanger for heating the working mediumrefrigerant liquid being fed from the condenser to the evaporator withthe working medium refrigerant vapor flowing from the generator to thecondenser.
 2. The absorption heat pump of claim 1, wherein the heatexchanger is disposed in a passage through which the working mediumrefrigerant vapor flows from the generator to the condenser or at theinlet of the condenser so that the working medium refrigerant liquidbeing fed from the condenser to the evaporator can be heated with theworking medium refrigerant vapor.
 3. An absorption heat pump comprising:a high-temperature evaporator for heating and evaporating working mediumrefrigerant liquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; alow-temperature evaporator for heating and evaporating working mediumrefrigerant liquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; ahigh-temperature absorber for heating a heat receiving medium with theheat of absorption which is generated when working medium concentratedsolution absorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thehigh-temperature evaporator and turns into a solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution; a low-temperature absorber which takes in solution with aconcentration lower than that of the working medium concentratedsolution and heats working medium refrigerant liquid of an evaporatorwith an operation temperature higher than that of the low-temperatureevaporator with the heat of absorption which is generated when thesolution absorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thelow-temperature evaporator and turns into dilute solution with aconcentration lower than that of the solution; a generator which takesin and heats the dilute solution and evaporates the working mediumrefrigerant to convert the dilute solution into working mediumconcentrated solution; a condenser which takes in the working mediumrefrigerant vapor generated in the generator and cools to condense theworking medium refrigerant vapor into working medium refrigerant liquid;and a heat exchanger for heating the working medium refrigerant liquidfrom the condenser to be introduced into at least one of thehigh-temperature evaporator and the low-temperature evaporator with aheating source.
 4. The absorption heat pump of claim 3, wherein theheating source for the heat exchanger is the heating source for thegenerator, the heating source for the high-temperature evaporator, orthe working medium refrigerant vapor or working medium refrigerantliquid in the low-temperature evaporator.
 5. The absorption heat pump ofclaim 3, wherein the heating source for the heat exchanger is workingmedium solution in the generator, working medium solution returning tothe generator, or working medium solution flowing from the generator tothe high-temperature absorber.
 6. An absorption heat pump comprising: ahigh-temperature evaporator for heating and evaporating working mediumrefrigerant liquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; alow-temperature evaporator for heating and evaporating working mediumrefrigerant liquid into working medium refrigerant vapor; ahigh-temperature absorber for heating heat receiving medium with theheat of absorption which is generated when working medium concentratedsolution absorbs the working medium refrigerant vapor generated in thehigh-temperature evaporator and turns into solution with a concentrationlower than that of the working medium concentrated solution; alow-temperature absorber which takes in solution with a concentrationlower than that of the working medium concentrated solution and heatsworking medium refrigerant liquid of an evaporator with an operationtemperature higher than that of the low-temperature evaporator with theheat of absorption which is generated when the solution absorbs theworking medium refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperatureevaporator and turns into a dilute solution with a concentration lowerthan that of the solution; a generator which takes in and heats thedilute solution and evaporates the working medium refrigerant to convertthe dilute solution into working medium concentrated solution; and acondenser which takes in the working medium refrigerant vapor generatedin the generator and cools to condense the working medium refrigerantvapor into working medium refrigerant liquid; wherein the working mediumrefrigerant liquid from the condenser is introduced into thelow-temperature evaporator and heated therein, and a portion of theworking medium refrigerant liquid from the low-temperature evaporator isintroduced into an evaporator on the high-temperature side from thelow-temperature evaporator.
 7. An absorption heat pump, comprising: agenerator for generating refrigerant vapor; a condenser for taking inthe refrigerant vapor generated in the generator; a high-temperatureevaporator for taking in condensed refrigerant liquid from thecondenser; a low-temperature evaporator for taking in condensedrefrigerant liquid from the condenser; a high-temperature absorber fortaking in concentrated solution from the generator through the heatedside of a low-temperature solution heat exchanger and the heated side ofa high-temperature solution heat exchanger and taking in refrigerantvapor generated in the high-temperature evaporator; and alow-temperature absorber for taking in medium-concentration solutionwith a medium concentration into which the concentrated solution turnsupon absorption of the refrigerant vapor in the high-temperatureabsorber through the heating side of the high-temperature solution heatexchanger and taking in refrigerant vapor generated in thelow-temperature evaporator, wherein the generator takes in dilutesolution into which the medium-concentration solution turns uponabsorption of the refrigerant vapor in the low-temperature absorberthrough the heating side of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and aportion of the concentrated solution from the generator heated in thelow-temperature heat exchanger and to be introduced into thehigh-temperature absorber is separated and introduced into thelow-temperature absorber.
 8. The absorption heat pump of claim 7,wherein the low-temperature absorber and the high-temperature evaporatorare integrated with each other so that the refrigerant in thehigh-temperature evaporator can be directly heated by the solution inthe low-temperature absorber.
 9. The absorption heat pump of claim 7,wherein the heat receiving medium is heated by the solution in thehigh-temperature absorber and converted into vapor.
 10. The absorptionheat pump of claim 7, wherein the flow rate of concentrated solution tobe separated and introduced into the low-temperature absorber is 5 to50% of a total flow rate of the concentrated solution from thegenerator.
 11. An absorption heat pump, comprising: an evaporator whichtakes in a first heat source and evaporates refrigerant liquid intorefrigerant vapor; an absorber which has a heat receiving medium passageand which takes in a heat receiving medium liquid through a heatreceiving medium inlet of the heat receiving medium passage, heats theheat receiving medium liquid with heat of absorption generated when therefrigerant vapor generated in the evaporator is absorbed into asolution, and discharges the heat receiving medium in a form of mixtureof vapor and liquid through a heat receiving medium outlet of the heatreceiving medium passage; a generator which takes in a second heatsource and evaporates the refrigerant from the solution having absorbedthe refrigerant vapor; a vapor-liquid separator disposed at the heatreceiving medium outlet for separating the heat receiving medium liquidfrom the vapor in the mixture, the separated heat receiving mediumliquid being introduced into the heat receiving medium inlet; and afirst supplying means for supplying the heat receiving medium liquidseparated in the vapor-liquid separator to the heat receiving mediumpassage.